Table 3.
Parameters for Models of Puberty, Parental Knowledge (Child Disclosure and Parental Solicitation), Peer Deviance (Problem Behaviors and Peer Substance Use), and Substance Use for Girls.
| Outcome | Puberty | Peer Problem Behavior Model | Peer Substance Use Model | |||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Tempo | Timing × Tempo | Peer Problem Behavior |
Substance Use | Peer Deviance | Substance Use | |||||||
| CHILD DISCLOSURE AS A MODERATOR | ||||||||||||
| Predictor | Low CD |
High CD |
Low CD |
High CD |
Low CD |
High CD |
Low CD |
High CD |
Low CD |
High CD |
Low CD |
High CD |
| Timing |
.19* (.03) |
.12* (.02) |
−.15* (.02) |
.08* (.02) |
−.01 (.04) |
−.06* (.03) |
−.32* (.06) |
−.01 (.07) |
.02 (.04) |
−.02 (.03) |
−.33 (.06) |
−.03 (.06) |
| Tempo |
−.03* (.004) |
.01* (.002) |
.17 (.27) |
−.14 (.24) |
.23 (.42) |
.68* (.52) |
.22 (.25) |
−.19 (.27) |
.16 (.39) |
.76 (.50) |
||
| Timing × Tempo | −.11 (.14) |
.03 (.13) |
−.27 (.18) |
.06 (.32) |
−.07 (.13) |
.13 (.15) |
−.28 (.16) |
−.02 (.32) |
||||
| Peer Problem Behavior Model |
.59* (.10) |
.53* (.18) |
||||||||||
| Peer Substance Use Model |
.78* (.11) |
.78* (.13) |
||||||||||
| PARENTAL SOLICITATION AS A MODERATOR | ||||||||||||
| Predictor | Low PS | High PS | Low PS | High PS | Low PS | High PS | Low PS | High PS | Low PS | High PS | Low PS | High PS |
| Timing | .18* (.03) |
.14* (.02) |
−.12 (.02) |
.03 (.02) |
−.05 (.04) |
.00 (.03) |
−.19* (.07) |
−.08 (.07) |
−.01 (.04) |
.03 (.03) |
−.21* (.06) |
−.11 (.06) |
| Tempo |
.02* (.003) |
.00 (.002) |
.26 (.28) |
−.23 (.22) |
.32 (.45) |
.07 (.48) |
.10 (.27) |
−.02 (.21) |
.40 (.43) |
−.05 (.43) |
||
| Timing × Tempo | −.09 (.15) |
−.09 (.09) |
−.11 (.17) |
.18 (.29) |
−.05 (.12) |
−.03 (.14) |
−.12 (.17) |
.16 (.24) |
||||
| Peer Problem Behavior Model |
.56* (.10) |
.60* (.17) |
||||||||||
| Peer Substance Use Model |
.68* (.11) |
.90* (.12) |
||||||||||
Note. Parameter estimates are from the full model, wherein means, variances, and path estimates were allowed to vary across high and low knowledge groups. Effects of covariates (age and cohort) are excluded here for ease of interpretation, but see Figures. This table summarizes four separate models (two with child disclosure as the moderator, top panel; and two with parental solicitation as the moderator, bottom panel). The two measures of peer deviance (problem behavior – middle two columns, and substance use – last two columns) were each included in separate models. Associations of measures of puberty were modeled as covariances and are identical in both models including the same moderator but different peer deviance measures, and thus is presented once for each measure of peer deviance. CD = child disclosure. PS = parental solicitation.
p < .05.
Underlined text indicates significant difference in parameter estimates between low and high groups. Unstandardized beta-weights are presented. Standard errors are presented in parentheses. The analytic sample was 391 for models including CD and 389 for models including PS. Timing and tempo were assessed from repeated measures across all waves (the mid-point of development occurring prior to W6). Peer deviance and parental knowledge measures were assessed at W6, and substance use was assessed at W7.