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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2018 Jul 1.
Published in final edited form as: J Adolesc Health. 2017 Mar 24;61(1):91–98. doi: 10.1016/j.jadohealth.2017.01.014

Table 2. Predictors of post-suppression virologic rebound during adolescence among perinatally HIV-infected Asian adolescents on stable combination antiretroviral therapy.

Clinical parameters Virologic rebound, n (%) Person-years of follow-up Rate per 100 person-years (95% CI) Univariable analysis Multivariable analysis
HR (95% CI) P Adjusted HR (95% CI) P
Age at viral suppression, years
 <10 84 (10.7) 2884 2.91 (2.35 - 3.61) Ref Ref
 10.0 to 13.9 78 (17.0) 2095 3.72 (2.98 - 4.65) 1.25 (0.91 - 1.72) 0.18 1.00 (0.72-1.40) 0.99
 14.0 to 19.9 18 (13.4) 381 4.72 (2.97 - 7.49) 2.43 (1.41 - 4.18) 0.001 1.53 (0.86-2.73) 0.14
Sex
 Male 81 (12.6) 2479 3.27 (2.63 - 4.06) Ref
 Female 99 (13.5) 2881 3.44 (2.82 - 4.18) 1.08 (0.80 - 1.47) 0.61
Primary caregiver
 Biological parents 31 (7.1) 1314 2.36 (1.66 - 3.35) Ref Ref
 Grandparents 56 (17.9) 1230 4.55 (3.50 - 5.92) 1.79 (1.12 - 2.84) 0.01 2.05 (1.27 - 3.30) 0.003
 Relative/non-relative/foster 56 (15.6) 1507 3.72 (2.86 - 4.83) 1.46 (0.88 - 2.41) 0.14 1.53 (0.92 - 2.55) 0.10
Weight-for-age z-score
 >-1.5 51 (11.0) 1741 2.93 (2.23 - 3.86) Ref Ref
 -1.5 to -2.5 49 (11.7) 1683 2.91 (2.20 - 3.85) 1.02 (0.68 - 1.53) 0.92 1.06 (0.71 - 1.60) 0.76
 <-2.5 70 (17.0) 1673 4.18 (3.31 - 5.29) 1.60 (1.10 - 2.33) 0.01 1.49 (1.01 - 2.18) 0.04
Baseline CD4 cell counta, cells/mm3
 >750 61 (10.9) 2042 2.99 (2.32 - 3.84) Ref
 500 to 750 36 (10.8) 1379 2.61 (1.88 - 3.62) 0.85 (0.56 - 1.28) 0.44
 <500 73 (18.7) 1693 4.31 (3.43 - 5.42) 1.37 (0.96 - 1.94) 0.08
Baseline cART regimena
 First-line NNRTI-based 119 (11.1) 4444 2.68 (2.24 - 3.21) Ref Ref
 Second-line PI-based 57 (19.5) 858 6.64 (5.12 - 8.61) 2.66 (1.88 - 3.75) <0.001 2.66 (1.86 - 3.79) <0.001
Year of the first cART regimen initiation
 <2005 86 (14.9) 2835 3.03 (2.46 - 3.75) Ref Ref
 2005 to 2008 80 (12.0) 2214 3.61 (2.90 - 4.50) 1.75 (1.22 - 2.50) 0.002 1.89 (1.31 - 2.72) 0.001
 >2008 14 (10.4) 312 4.49 (2.66 - 7.58) 2.96 (1.59 - 5.48) 0.001 4.15 (2.15 - 7.99) <0.001
Experienced pre-adolescent virologic failure
 No 174 (12.8) 5286 3.29 (2.84 - 3.82) Ref Ref
 Yes 6 (25.0) 74 8.06 (3.62 - 17.95) 2.72 (1.16 - 6.38) 0.02 2.68 (1.11 - 6.48) 0.03

Abbreviations: cART, combination antiretroviral therapy; NNRTI, non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor; PI, protease inhibitor; 95% CI, 95% confidence interval; HR, hazard ratio.

a

Baseline was defined as the date of the first plasma viral load <400 copies/mL for adolescents experiencing their first period of virologic suppression at age ≥10 years or the 10th birthday for those with prior suppression.