Table 3.
Estimated treatment effects for secondary outcomes at each time point from linear mixed effects model and effect sizes
| Estimate of difference between SCT and Control | Standard error | 95% CI | p-value | Hedges’ g (95% CI) | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Modified Fatigue Impact Scale | Post Intervention Three month follow up Six month follow up |
1.05 −0.11 4.39 |
3.32 3.49 3.41 |
(−5.56, 7.65) (−7.05, 6.82) (−2.38, 11.17) |
0.75 0.97 0.20 |
−0.12 (−0.61, 0.36) −0.04 (−0.52, 0.45) −0.25 (−0.74, 0.24) |
| Multiple Sclerosis Impact Scale29 - physical | Post Intervention Three month follow up Six month follow up |
−2.58 −2.34 −0.54 |
3.26 3.45 3.35 |
(−9.06, 3.89) (−9.19, 4.51) (−7.19, 6.10) |
0.43 0.50 0.87 |
0.06 (−0.43, 0.55) −0.01 (−0.50, 0.47) −0.02 (−0.51, 0.47) |
| Multiple Sclerosis Impact Scale29 - psychological | Post Intervention Three month follow up Six month follow up |
−3.01 −5.26 3.90 |
4.39 4.71 4.54 |
(−11.71, 5.70) (−14.59, 4.06) (−5.09, 12.90) |
0.50 0.27 0.39 |
0.25 (−0.24, 0.73) 0.34 (−0.15, 0.83) −0.11 (−0.60, 0.37) |
| Hospital Anxiety Depression Scale-Anxiety | Post Intervention Three month follow up Six month follow up |
−0.92 −0.93 0.01 |
0.91 0.95 0.93 |
(−2.72, 0.88) (−2.81, 0.92) (−1.83, 1.86) |
0.31 0.33 0.99 |
0.34 (−0.15, 0.83) 0.37 (−0.12, 0.86) 0.17 (−0.32, 0.66) |
| Hospital Anxiety Depression Scale-Depression | Post Intervention Three month follow up Six month follow up |
0.45 0.43 0.10 |
0.77 0.81 0.79 |
(−1.08, 1.97) (−1.18, 2.03) (−1.46, 1.66) |
0.56 0.60 0.90 |
0.12 (−0.37, 0.60) 0.20 (−0.28, 0.69) 0.23 (−0.26, 0.72) |
| Symbol Digit Modality Test | Post Intervention Three month follow up Six month follow up |
−3.03 4.93 −0.55 |
2.34 2.49 2.51 |
(−7.70, 1.64) (−0.02, 9.87) (−5.54, 4.44) |
0.20 0.05 0.83 |
0.06 (−0.42, 0.55) 0.75 (0.24, 1.25) 0.15 (−0.34, 0.63) |
| 5xSit To Stand | Post Intervention Three month follow up Six month follow up |
0.06 −0.09 −0.62 |
0.45 0.48 0.48 |
(−0.84, 0.97) (−1.10, 0.86) (−1.60, 0.33) |
0.89 0.85 0.20 |
0.11 (−0.37, 0.60) 0.41 (−0.08, 0.91) 0.49 (−0.003, 0.98) |
| Modified Canadian Aerobic Fitness Test | Post Intervention Three month follow up Six month follow up |
−7.02 16.12 10.53 |
9.75 10.63 10.90 |
(−26.45, 12.41) (−5.03, 37.26) (−11.13, 32.19) |
0.47 0.13 0.34 |
−0.08 (−0.57, 0.40) 0.51 (0.01, 1.00) 0.34 (−0.15, 0.83) |
| Godin Leisure Time Exercise Questionnaire – Health Index | Post Intervention Three month follow up Six month follow up |
−2.24 0.42 0.11 |
4.55 4.75 4.64 |
(−11.30, 6.82) (−9.02, 9.87) (−9.12, 9.34) |
0.62 0.93 0.98 |
−0.32 (−0.81, 0.17) −0.13 (−0.62, 0.36) 0.06 (−0.42, 0.55) |
| Mean steps per day | Post Intervention Three month follow up Six month follow up |
−163.35 −439.08 448.87 |
696.12 703.49 737.27 |
(−1552.20, 1225.50) (−1842.34, 964.19) (−1020.74, 1918.48) |
0.81 0.53 0.54 |
−0.14 (−0.63, 0.35) 0.06 (−0.42, 0.55) 0.08 (−0.57, 0.40) |
| Mean Energy Expenditure per day | Post Intervention Three month follow up Six month follow up |
114.42 53.61 63.47 |
95.05 98.07 103.30 |
(−74.65, 303.48) (−141.39, 248.61) (−141.84, 268.78) |
0.23 0.59 0.54 |
0.39 (−0.10, 0.88) 0.40 (−0.09, 0.89) 0.12 (−0.36, 0.61) |
| Exercise Benefits Questionnaire | Post Intervention Three month follow up Six month follow up |
0.311 1.01 0.11 |
3.01 3.09 3.05 |
(−5.34, 6.23) (−5.16, 7.19) (−5.98, 6.20) |
0.84 0.74 0.97 |
−0.10 (−0.59, 0.38) −0.11 (−0.60, 0.37) −0.19 (−0.68, 0.29) |
| Exercise Barriers Questionnaire | Post Intervention Three month follow up Six month follow up |
−0.24 0.73 0.67 |
1.07 1.12 1.09 |
(−2.37, 1.88) (−1.50, 2.96) (−1.50, 2.85) |
0.82 0.52 0.54 |
0.08 (−0.41, 0.57) −0.24 (−0.73, 0.25) −0.14 (−0.63, 0.35) |
| Multidimensional Outcomes Expectations for Exercise Scale total | Post Intervention Three month follow up Six month follow up |
−0.42 1.31 1.13 |
1.56 1.63 1.59 |
(−3.52, 2.68) (−1.93, 4.55) (−2.03, 4.30) |
0.79 0.42 0.48 |
−0.18 (−0.67, 0.30) 0.03 (−0.46, 0.52) 0.02 (−0.47, 0.50) |
| Exercise Goal setting Questionnaire | Post Intervention Three month follow up Six month follow up |
2.03 −0.50 −0.26 |
2.15 2.30 2.21 |
(−2.24, 6.30) (−5.05, 4.06) (−4.65, 4.13) |
0.35 0.83 0.91 |
0.07 (−0.42, 0.56) −0.21 (−0.69, 0.28) −0.27 (−0.76, 0.21) |
| Exercise Planning Questionnaire | Post Intervention Three month follow up Six month follow up |
2.08 1.86 0.77 |
1.74 1.84 1.79 |
(−1.38, 5.34) (−1.78, 5.51) (−2.77, 4.32) |
0.24 0.31 0.67 |
0.34 (−0.15, 0.83) 0.31 (−0.18, 0.80) 0.17 (−0.32, 0.66) |
| Exercise Self-efficacy | Post Intervention Three month follow up Six month follow up |
−3.89 3.01 1.66 |
7.17 7.48 7.31 |
(−18.15, 10.38) (−11.86, 17.88) (−12.88, 16.20) |
0.59 0.69 0.82 |
−0.07 (−0.55, 0.42) 0.33 (−0.16, 0.82) 0.28 (−0.21, 0.77) |
| Social Provisions Scale total | Post Intervention Three month follow up Six month follow up |
1.69 2.79 1.15 |
1.82 1.91 1.86 |
(−1.94, 5.32) (−0.10, 6.58) (−2.55, 4.85) |
0.36 0.15 0.54 |
0.40 (−0.09, 0.90) 0.49 (−0.005, 0.98) 0.45 (−0.05, 0.94) |
Bold text indicates moderate effect (Heges G > 0.5)