Table 4.
Unadjusted comparisons of change in secondary outcome measures in each group at each time point
| Mean change Baseline to Post Intervention (95% CI) p-value |
Mean change Baseline to three month follow up (95% CI) p-value |
Mean change baseline to six month follow up (95% CI) p-value |
||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Variables | Intervention | Control | Intervention | Control | Intervention | Control |
| Modified Fatigue Impact Scale |
−4.99
(−9.78, −0.21) p = 0.04 |
−7.68
(−12.13, −3.23) p = 0.01 |
−8.09
(−13.97, −2.20) p < 0.01 |
−7.41
(−12.77, −2.04) p < 0.01 |
−5.22
(−10.99, 0.55) p = 0.07 |
−10.35
(−16.43, −4.27) p < 0.01 |
| Multiple Sclerosis Impact Scale29 - physical | −2.06 (−6.36, 2.23) p = 0.33 |
−0.13 (−5.63, 5.37) p = 0.96 |
−4.45
(−8.68, −0.22) p = 0.04 |
−1.42 (−7.69, 4.84) p = 0.64 |
−4.12
(−8.25, 0.01) p = 0.05 |
−3.61 (−9.83, 2.62) p = 0.24 |
| Multiple Sclerosis Impact Scale29 psychological |
−7.54
(−13.28, −1.81) p = 0.01 |
−4.22 (−11.19, 2.76) p = 0.22 |
−8.37
(−15.85, −0.89) p = 0.03 |
−2.02 (−8.11, 4.07) p = 0.50 |
−4.94 (−12.84, 2.98) p = 0.21 |
−7.60
(−13.71, −1.49) p = 0.02 |
| Hospital Anxiety Depression Scale-Anxiety | −1.60 (−2.50, 0.30) p = 0.12 |
−0.35 (−1.61, 0.90) p = 0.57 |
−1.76
(−3.20, −0.31) p = 0.02 |
−0.51 (−1.94, 0.92) p = 0.47 |
−1.99
(−3.28, −0.71) p < 0.01 |
−1.26 (−2.67, 0.15) p = 0.08 |
| Hospital Anxiety Depression Scale-Depression | −0.76 (−1.54, 0.33) p = 0.20 |
−0.61 (−1.54, 0.33) p = 0.19 |
−1.51
(−2.89, −0.13) p = 0.03 |
−1.02 (−2.50, 0.47) p = 0.17 |
−1.02
(−2.05, 0.01) p = 0.05 |
−0.37 (−1.35, 0.61) p = 0.44 |
| Symbol Digit Modality Test | 1.65 (−1.68, 4.99) p = 0.32 |
3.43 (−1.01, 7.87) p = 0.12 |
5.04
(2.51, 7.57) p < 0.01 |
0.24 (−3.71, 4.18) p = 0.90 |
3.05
(0.81, 5.28) p < 0.01 |
2.56 (0.07, 5.06) p = 0.04 |
| 5xSit To Stand |
−1.51
(−2.41, −0.60) p < 0.01 |
−1.55
(−2.30, −0.79) p < 0.01 |
−2.13
(−3.00, −1.26) p < 0.01 |
−1.49
(−2.32, −0.65) p < 0.01 |
−2.29
(−3.20, −1.39) p < 0.01 |
−1.19
(−1.97, −0.40) p < 0.01 |
| Modified Canadian Aerobic Fitness Test | 8.56 (−6.86, 23.98) p = 0.26 |
10.54 (−6.29, 27.37) p = 0.21 |
3.40 (−14.07, 20.87) p = 0.69 |
−11.97 (−33.02, 9.08) p = 0.25 |
2.87 (−7.18, 13.54) p = 0.58 |
−11.54 (−27.67, 4.59) p = 0.15 |
| Godin Leisure Time Exercise Questionnaire – Health Index |
9.85
(5.46, 14.23) p < 0.01 |
12.92
(4.69, 20.89) p < 0.01 |
10.87
(4.20, 17.53) p < 0.01 |
12.35
(5.63, 19.07) p < 0.01 |
10.65
(4.18, 17.12) p < 0.01 |
11.67
(5.67, 17.67) p < 0.01 |
| Mean steps per day | 118.67 (−1002.54, 1239.87) p = 0.83 |
30.38 (−1116.58, 1177.34) p = 0.96 |
−5.88 (−940.73, 928.97) p = 0.99 |
96.85 (−621.18, 814.88) p = 0.78 |
756.92 (−440.88, 1954.73) p = 0.19 |
86.28 (−849.85, 1022.42) p = 0.85 |
| Mean Energy Expenditure per day | 46.22 (−119.73, 212.17) p = 0.56 |
−72.90 (−224.14, 78.33) p = 0.33 |
−58.18 (−162.68, 46.33) p = 0.25 |
−182.5
(−335.03, −29.97) p = 0.02 |
6.61 (−140.78, 154.01) p = 0.92 |
−66.76 (−212.64, 79.12) p = 0.35 |
| Exercise Benefits Questionnaire | 2.64 (−0.53, 5.80) p = 0.09 |
2.08 (−2.31, 6.48) p = 0.34 |
2.18 (−2.41, 6.78) p = 0.33 |
1.83 (−3.21, 6.87) p = 0.46 |
3.38 (−0.59, 7.35) p = 0.09 |
2.39 (−2.33, 7.12) p = 0.31 |
| Exercise Barriers Questionnaire |
−1.51
(−2.86, −0.17) p = 0.03 |
−1.09 (−2.41, 0.24) p = 0.10 |
−1.27 (−3.35, 0.82) p = 0.22 |
−1.51 (−3.40, 0.37) p = 0.11 |
−1.57 (−3.22, 0.07) p = 0.06 |
−2.11 (−4.24, 0.02) p = 0.05 |
| Multidimensional Outcomes Expectations for Exercise Scale total | 1.17 (−0.87, 3.21) p = 0.25 |
0.86 (−1.46, 3.19) p = 0.45 |
1.84 (−0.24, 3.93) p = 0.08 |
−0.21 (−2.87, 2.44) p = 0.87 |
1.84 (−0.35, 4.04) p = 0.10 |
−0.70 (−3.09, 1.68) p = 0.55 |
| Exercise Goal setting Questionnaire |
7.30
(4.19, 10.4) p < 0.01 |
5.96
(2.92, 9.01) p < 0.01 |
5.44
(2.14, 8.74) p < 0.01 |
6.38
(2.76, 10.0) p < 0.01 |
4.88
(2.01, 7.76) p < 0.01 |
5.51
(1.89, 9.13) p < 0.01 |
| Exercise Planning Questionnaire |
5.88
(3.37. 8.39) p < 0.01 |
3.76
(1.27, 6.25) p < 0.01 |
6.42
(3.89, 8.96) p < 0.01 |
4.68
(1.76, 7.61) p < 0.01 |
4.86
(2.63, 7.09) p < 0.01 |
4.20
(1.55, 6.86) p < 0.01 |
| Exercise Self-efficacy | −0.06 (−12.20, 12.07) p = 0.99 |
0.52 (−11.75, 12.79) p = 0.93 |
1.32 (−10.62, 13.26) p = 0.82 |
−9.42 (−24.03, 5.19) p = 0.19 |
4.24 (−7.78, 16.25) p = 0.47 |
−5.62 (−15.65, 4.42) p = 0.26 |
| Social Provisions Scale total | 1.66 (−1.13, 4.44) p = 0.23 |
−0.20 (−2.65, 2.25) p = 0.86 |
2.29 (−0.08, 4.65) p = 0.06 |
−0.66 (−4.61, 3.29) p = 0.73 |
3.13
(0.35, 5.90) p = 0.03 |
0.77 (−2.18, 3.72) p = 0.60 |
Bold text indicates statistical significance p < 0.05