Table 2.
TNM in gastric cancer
| Primary tumor (T) | |
| TX | Primary tumor cannot be assessed |
| T0 | No evidence of primary tumor |
| Tis | Carcinoma in situ: Intraepithelial tumor without invasion of the lamina propria |
| T1 | Tumor invades lamina propria, muscularis mucosae, or submucosa |
| T1a | Tumor invades lamina propria or muscularis mucosae |
| T1b | Tumor invades submucosa |
| T2 | Tumor invades muscularis propria |
| T3 | Tumor penetrates subserosal connective tissue without invasion of visceral peritoneum or adjacent structures |
| T4 | Tumor invades serosa (visceral peritoneum) or adjacent structures |
| T4a | Tumor invades serosa (visceral peritoneum) |
| T4b | Tumor invades adjacent structures |
| Regional lymph nodes (N) | |
| NX | Regional lymph node(s) cannot be assessed |
| N0 | No regional lymph node metastasis |
| N1 | Metastasis in 1-2 regional lymph nodes |
| N2 | Metastasis in 3-6 regional lymph nodes |
| N3 | Metastasis in seven or more regional lymph nodes |
| N3a | Metastasis in 7-15 regional lymph nodes |
| N3b | Metastasis in 16 or more regional lymph nodes |
| Distant metastasis (M) | |
| M0 | No distant metastasis |
| M1 | Distant metastasis |