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. 2017 Jun 26;8:1169. doi: 10.3389/fmicb.2017.01169

FIGURE 2.

FIGURE 2

Schematic of the potential roles of miR-M4-5p and miR-K12-11 in regulating the TGF-β signaling pathway and promoting tumorigenesis. (A) In normal cell metabolism (blue arrows), c-Myc is down regulated by the phosphorylated SMAD2/3 complex, which is induced by LTBP1 binding to its receptor. During GaHV2 infection (red arrows), miR-M4-5p suppresses the expression levels of LTBP1, leading to reduction of the active SMAD2/3 complex, inducing increased expression of c-Myc. The potential combination of c-Myc and the GaHV2-specific oncoprotein, MEQ, promotes cellular transformation. (B) In normal cell metabolism (blue arrows), activated SMAD5 inhibits target gene expression. During KSHV infection (red arrows), miR-K12-11 inhibits the expression of SMAD5. Through abolishing the TGF-β signaling pathway, miR-K12-11 blocks cell cycle arrest to promote cellular transformation. (A,B) are adapted from Chi et al. (2015) and Liu et al. (2012), respectively.