Table 3.

Effects in different fish species of different hormone (either homologous: hom., or heterologous: het.) treatments eliciting changes in glucose levels (change) on food intake (FI), the response of hypothalamic glucosensing systems (sensing), and the mRNA abundance in hypothalamus of orexigenic (NPY, AgRP) and anorexigenic (POMC, CART) neuropeptides.

Treatment	Change	Dose	Time	Species	FI	Sensing	NPY	AgRP	POMC	CART	References
INSULIN
IP	↓	4 mg/kg (het.)	6 h	Rainbow trout		▾					Polakof et al., 2007a
	↓	4 mg/kg (het.)	6 h	Rainbow trout		↓	≈		≈	≈	Conde-Sieira et al., 2010b
	↓	4 mg/kg (het.)	2–5 days	Rainbow trout	↑	↓					Conde-Sieira et al., 2010a
	↓	4 mg/kg (het.)	1–10 days	Rainbow trout	↑	↓					Polakof et al., 2008a
ICV		104 ng/fish (het.)	2 h	Catfish						↑	Subhedar et al., 2011
		20 ng/g (het.)	1–24 h	Catfish	≈						Silverstein and Plisetskaya, 2000
		90 ng/g (het.)	26–50 h	Rainbow trout	↓						Soengas and Aldegunde, 2004
GLP-1
IP	≈	50–200 ng/g (het.)	1 h	Channel catfish	≈		≈		≈		Schroeter et al., 2015
	↑	100 μg/kg (het.)	2 h	Rainbow trout		▴	↑		▴	≈	Polakof et al., 2011b
		50–300 ng/g (het.)	4 h	Coho salmon	▾						White et al., 2016
ICV	↑	20 ng/g (het.)	1 h	Rainbow trout		≈	≈		↓	≈	Polakof et al., 2011b
		5–50 ng/g (hom.)	1 h	Catfish	▾						Silverstein et al., 2001
In vitro		0.1–10 nM (het.)	1 h	Rainbow trout		↑	↓		↑	↑	Polakof et al., 2011b
LEPTIN
IP		120 ng/g (hom.)	1–8 h	Rainbow trout	▾		▾		▴	↑	Murashita et al., 2008
	↓	0.1–3.3 μg/g (het.)	2–8 h	Goldfish	▾						De Pedro et al., 2006
	↑	1 μg/g (het.)	8 h	Goldfish	▾						Vivas et al., 2011
ICV		50 ng/g (het.)	1 h	Goldfish	▾						Volkoff and Peter, 2001a
		1–100 ng/g (het.)	1 h	Goldfish	↓						Volkoff et al., 2003
		40 ng/g (het.)	1 h	Catfish	≈						Silverstein and Plisetskaya, 2000
		10 ng/g (het.)	2 h	Catfish						↑	Subhedar et al., 2011
		0.5–5 ng/g (hom.)	2 h	Rainbow trout	▾		↑		▴	↑	Gong et al., 2016a
		50 ng/g (het.)	2–6 h	Goldfish			↓			↑	Volkoff and Peter, 2001a
	↑	50 ng/g (het.)	6 h	Rainbow trout		▴					Aguilar et al., 2010
	↑	50 ng/g (het.)	6–24 h	Rainbow trout	▾						Aguilar et al., 2010
In vitro	↑	10–50 nM (het.)	1–3 h	Rainbow trout		▴	▾		≈	≈	Aguilar et al., 2011
GHRELIN
IP		100 ng/g (het.)	0.5 h	Cavefish	▴					≈	Penney and Volkoff, 2014
	≈	200 ng/g (hom.)	1 h	Rainbow trout	↓						Jönsson et al., 2010
	≈	50–200 ng/g (hom.)	1 h	Channel catfish	▾		≈		≈		Schroeter et al., 2015
		100 μg/kg (het.)	2 h	Rainbow trout		▴	≈		≈	≈	Polakof et al., 2011c
		16 pmol/g (hom.)	1–6 h	Goldfish			≈				Miura et al., 2006
		475 ng/g (hom.)	7 days	Brown trout	▴		≈				Tinoco et al., 2014a
ICV		1 pmol/g (hom.)	1 h	Goldfish	▴						Miura et al., 2006
	≈	20 ng/g (het.)	2 h	Rainbow trout		≈	≈		≈	≈	Polakof et al., 2011c
		1 pmol/g (hom.)	1–6 h	Goldfish			↑				Miura et al., 2006
In vitro		0.1–10 nM (het.)	1 h	Rainbow trout		↑	↑		≈	↓	Polakof et al., 2011c
CCK
IP		100 ng/g (het.)	0.5 h	Goldfish	▾						Himick and Peter, 1994
		50 ng/g (het.)	0.5 h	Cavefish	▾						Penney and Volkoff, 2014
		50–200 ng/g (het.)	1 h	Channel catfish	≈		≈		↓		Schroeter et al., 2015
	↑	50 μg/kg (het.)	2 h	Rainbow trout		≈					Polakof et al., 2011a
		50–500 ng/g (het.)	4 h	Coho salmon	▾					↓	White et al., 2016
ICV		50 ng/g (het.)	0.5 h	Goldfish	▾						Himick and Peter, 1994
		50–100 pmol/g (het.)	1 h	Goldfish	↓				▴		Kang et al., 2010
		10 ng/g (het.)	1 h	Catfish	▾						Silverstein and Plisetskaya, 2000
	↑	10 ng/g (het.)	2 h	Rainbow trout		↑					Polakof et al., 2011a

↑, Increase; ▴, strong increase; ↓, decrease; ▾, strong decrease; ≈, no changes; IP, intraperitoneal; ICV, intracerebroventricular.