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. 2017 Jun 26;8:1074. doi: 10.3389/fpls.2017.01074

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Copyright © 2017 Paaso, Keski-Saari, Keinänen, Karvinen, Silfver, Rousi and Mikola.

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) or licensor are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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Mean concentrations (±85% CI, n = 5 for arabinofuranosides and 33–38 for other compounds, based on genotypes 5, 6, 8, 12, 14, 15, 20, and 25) of phenolic compound groups: (A) phenolic acids and DHPPG, (B) myricetin glycosides, (C) quercetin glycosides, (D) kaempferol glycosides, (E) epicuticular flavonoid aglycones, (F) epicuticular triterpenoids and (G) the polymers in Betula pendula green leaves, senescent leaves and decomposed leaf litter (the interval between green and senescent leaves is 4 months and between senescent leaves and decomposed litter 8 months; triterpenoids are reported as peak area; CQA, Caffeoylquinic acid; CouQA, Coumaroylquinic acid; DHPPG, 3,4′-dihydroxypropiophenone-3-glucoside; M, Myricetin; Q, Quercetin; K, Kaempferol; af, arabinofuranoside; ap, arabinopyranoside; gal, galactoside; glc, glucoside; glr, glucuronide; rh, rhamnoside).