Table 1.

Serum and urine biochemistry

Parameter	Value	Normal range
Serum sodium	138 mmol/L	135–145
Serum potassium	3.4 mmol/L	3.5–5.3
Serum magnesium	0.6 mmol/L	0.70–1
Serum bicarbonate	31 mmol/L	22–29
Serum urea	3 mmol/L	2.5–7.8
Serum creatinine	71 µmol/L	50–130
Serum-adjusted calcium	2.4 mmol/L	2.20–2.60
Serum phosphate	0.97 mmol/L	0.80–1.50
Serum alkaline phosphatase	77 U/L	30–130
Serum total protein	68 g/L	60–80
25-hydroxy vitamin D	45.9 nmol/L	50–100
Serum TSH	0.89 mU/L	0.30–6.0
Serum total T4	84 nmol/L	60–150
Serum PTH	7.3 pmol/L	1.1–6.9
Serum renin	3.4 ng/ml/h	0.2–2.8
Serum aldosterone	254 pmol/L	80–300
24 h urine volume	0.46 L
24 h urine calcium	1.1 mmol/24 h	2.5–7.5
24 h urine creatinine	7.7 mmol/24 h	9–18
Urine calcium/creatinine ratio	0.3	0.3–0.7

PTH, parathyroid hormone; T4, thyroxine; TSH, thyroid-stimulating hormone.