Table 3.
Outcomes According to Diabetes Type Overall and by Diabetes Type and Race/Ethnicity
| Complication and Race/Ethnicity Category | Type 1 | Type 2 | Difference (Type 2 – Type 1), % (95% CI) | P Valueb | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
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| No. | Denominator | Age-Adjusted Prevalence, % (95% CI)a | No. | Denominator | Age-Adjusted Prevalence, % (95% CI)a | |||
| Diabetic kidney disease | 89 | 1541 | 5.8 (4.6 to 7.4) | 44 | 221 | 19.9 (15.1 to 25.7) | 14.0 (9.1 to 19.9) | <.001 |
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| Non-Hispanic white | 59 | 1177 | 5.2 (3.9 to 7.0) | 6 | 64 | 9.3 (4.2 to 19.2) | 4.0 (−1.1 to 13.7) | .18 |
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| Minority | 30 | 364 | 8.0 (5.3 to 11.9) | 38 | 157 | 24.4 (18.2 to 31.9) | 16.4 (9.5 to 24.1) | <.001 |
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| Retinopathy | 71 | 1710 | 5.6 (4.4 to 7.0) | 36 | 267 | 9.1 (6.3 to 12.9) | 3.5 (0.4 to 7.7) | .02 |
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| Non-Hispanic white | 54 | 1297 | 5.5 (4.2 to 7.2) | 4 | 72 | 3.7 (1.4 to 9.9) | −1.8 (−4.6 to 5.5) | .46 |
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| Minority | 17 | 413 | 5.7 (3.5 to 9.0) | 32 | 195 | 11.2 (7.3 to 16.7) | 5.5 (1.0 to 11.0) | .03 |
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| Peripheral neuropathy | 110 | 1720 | 8.5 (7.1 to 10.2) | 58 | 265 | 17.7 (13.6 to 22.7) | 9.2 (4.8 to 14.4) | <.001 |
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| Non-Hispanic white | 82 | 1310 | 8.3 (6.8 to 10.3) | 14 | 71 | 15.7 (9.1 to 25.6) | 7.3 (0.4 to 17.6) | .03 |
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| Minority | 28 | 410 | 8.8 (6.1 to 12.7) | 44 | 194 | 19.6 (14.5 to 26.1) | 10.8 (4.9 to 17.4) | <.01 |
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| Cardiovascular autonomic neuropathy | 197 | 1615 | 14.4 (12.5 to 16.6) | 43 | 252 | 15.7 (11.7 to 20.6) | 1.2 (−3.1 to 6.5) | .62c |
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| Non-Hispanic white | 155 | 1226 | 15.2 (12.9 to 17.7) | 18 | 66 | 25.6 (16.6 to 37.4) | 10.4 (1.2 to 22.3) | .03c |
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| Minority | 42 | 389 | 12.3 (8.9 to 16.7) | 25 | 186 | 12.7 (8.6 to 18.3) | 0.4 (−5.0 to 6.7) | .90 |
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| Arterial stiffness | 137 | 1625 | 11.6 (9.8 to 13.6) | 107 | 205 | 47.4 (40.3 to 54.7) | 35.9 (29 to 42.9) | <.001 |
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| Non-Hispanic white | 94 | 1242 | 10.2 (8.4 to 12.4) | 21 | 60 | 30.7 (20.0 to 43.9) | 20.4 (10.1 to 33.0) | <.001 |
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| Minority | 43 | 383 | 15.4 (11.5 to 20.3) | 86 | 145 | 55.4 (46.8 to 63.7) | 40.0 (30.9 to 48.5) | <.001 |
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| Hypertension | 141 | 1743 | 10.1(8.6 to 11.9) | 66 | 272 | 21.6 (17.1 to 26.9) | 11.5 (6.8 to 16.9) | <.001 |
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| Non-Hispanic white | 100 | 1325 | 9.5 (7.8 to 11.5) | 16 | 72 | 20.0 (12.5 to 30.6) | 10.5 (2.7 to 21.3) | .01 |
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| Minority | 41 | 418 | 12.2 (8.9 to 16.4) | 50 | 200 | 22.4 (17.1 to 28.9) | 10.3 (4.0 to 17.1) | <.01 |
a
Logistic regression model estimates set age = 21 y for type 1 and type 2 diabetes.
b
P values from age-adjusted logistic regression models.
c
Hosmer-Lemeshow goodness-of-fit test P < .05; indicates poor model fit.