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Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
Environmental factors such as smoking, hormones, gut microbiota, and periodontal bacteria are important in the development of rheumatoid arthritis. Prevotella copri-dominated microbiota may contribute to the development of arthritis, whereas P. histicola suppresses the onset of arthritis.