| DDR | DNA damage response |
| SSB | single-strand breaks |
| DSB | double-strand breaks |
| NER | nucleotide excision repair |
| BER | base excision repair |
| MMR | Mismatch repair |
| HR | homologous recombination |
| NHEJ | non-homologous end joining |
| UV | ultraviolet radiation |
| IR | ionizing radiation |
| PAXX | PAralog of XRCC4 and XLF |
| REM | radiation exposure monitoring |
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