TABLE 1.
Results of the NDM LFIA and the Carba NP test in a collection of strains comprising carbapenemase and non-carbapenemase producers
| β-Lactam resistance mechanism | Bacterial species | No. of isolates | β-Lactamase content (PCR)b | Resulta |
|
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| NDM LFIA | Carba NP test | ||||
| Ambler class B carbapenemases | |||||
| NDM type | E. coli | 1 | NDM-1 + OXA-1 + OXA-10 + CMY-16 + TEM-1 | P | P |
| E. coli | 1 | NDM-1 + OXA-1 + TEM-1 | P | P | |
| E. coli | 1 | NDM-1 + CTX-M-15 + TEM-1 | P | P | |
| E. coli | 1 | NDM-1 + OXA-1 + OXA-2 + CTX-M-15 + TEM-1 | P | P | |
| E. coli | 1 | NDM-1 + CTX-M-15 + TEM-1 | P | P | |
| E. coli | 1 | NDM-4 + CTX-M-15 + OXA-1 | P | P | |
| E. coli | 1 | NDM-4 + CTX-M-15 + CMY-6 | P | P | |
| E. coli | 1 | NDM-5 + TEM-1 + CTX-M-15 | P | P | |
| E. coli | 1 | NDM-6 + CTX-M-15 + OXA-1 | P | P | |
| E. coli | 1 | NDM-7 + CTX-M-15 | P | P | |
| K. pneumoniae | 1 | NDM-1 + CTX-M-15 + SHV-11 + OXA-1 | P | P | |
| K. pneumoniae | 1 | NDM-1 + CTX-M-15 + CMY-4 + OXA-1 | P | P | |
| K. pneumoniae | 1 | NDM-1 + CTX-M-15 + OXA-1 + OXA-9 + TEM-1 + SHV-28 + SHV-11 | P | P | |
| K. pneumoniae | 1 | NDM-1 + OXA-1 + SHV-11 | P | P | |
| K. pneumoniae | 1 | NDM-1 + OXA-1 + CTX-M-15 + TEM-1 + SHV-28 + OXA-9 + CMY-6 | P | P | |
| K. pneumoniae | 1 | NDM-1 + TEM-1 + CTX-M-15 + SHV-12 + OXA-9 | P | P | |
| K. pneumoniae | 1 | NDM-1 + TEM-1 + CTX-M-15 + SHV-12 + OXA-9 | P | P | |
| K. pneumoniae | 1 | NDM-1 + TEM-1 + CTX-M-15 + SHV-11 + OXA-1 | P | P | |
| P. stuartii | 1 | NDM-1 + OXA-1 + CMY-6 + TEM-1 | P | P | |
| P. rettgeri | 1 | NDM-1 + CTXM-15 | P | P | |
| Salmonella enterica | 1 | NDM-1 + CTX-M-15 + TEM-1 + OXA-1 + OXA-9 + OXA-10 | P | P | |
| VIM type | E. coli | 1 | VIM-1 | N | P |
| E. coli | 1 | VIM-1 + CMY-13 | N | P | |
| E. coli | 1 | VIM-4 | N | P | |
| K. pneumoniae | 3 | VIM-1 | N | P | |
| K. pneumoniae | 4 | VIM-1 + SHV-5 | N | P | |
| K. pneumoniae | 1 | VIM-1 + SHV-12 | N | P | |
| K. pneumoniae | 1 | VIM-1 + TEM-1 + SHV-5 | N | P | |
| K. pneumoniae | 1 | VIM-19 + CTX-M-3 + TEM-1 + SHV-1 | N | P | |
| Enterobacter cloacae | 1 | VIM-1 + SHV-70 | N | P | |
| E. cloacae | 1 | VIM-4 + TEM-1 + SHV-31 | N | P | |
| Citrobacter freundii | 1 | VIM-2 + TEM-1 + | N | P | |
| C. freundii | 1 | VIM-2 + TEM-1 + OXA-9 + OXA-10 | N | P | |
| IMP type | E. coli | 1 | IMP-1 | N | P |
| E. coli | 1 | IMP-8 + SHV-12 | N | P | |
| K. pneumoniae | 1 | IMP-1 | N | P | |
| K. pneumoniae | 1 | IMP-1 + TEM-15 | N | P | |
| K. pneumoniae | 1 | IMP-1 + TEM-15 | N | P | |
| K. pneumoniae | 1 | IMP-1 + SHV-5 | N | P | |
| K. pneumoniae | 1 | IMP-8 | N | P | |
| K. pneumoniae | 1 | IMP-8 + SHV-12 | N | P | |
| E. cloacae | 1 | IMP-8 | N | P | |
| E. cloacae | 1 | IMP-8 + SHV-12 | N | P | |
| Serratia marcescens | 1 | IMP-11 | N | P | |
| GIM type | E. cloacae | 1 | GIM-1 | N | P |
| Ambler class A carbapenemases | |||||
| KPC-2 | E. coli | 1 | KPC-2 | N | P |
| E. coli | 1 | KPC-2 + CTXM-15 | N | P | |
| E. coli | 1 | KPC-2 + TEM-1 + OXA-9 | N | P | |
| E. coli | 1 | KPC-2 + CTX-M-9 + TEM-1 | N | P | |
| K. pneumoniae | 1 | KPC-2 + SHV-11 + TEM-1 + CTX-M-2 | N | P | |
| K. pneumoniae | 1 | KPC-2 + SHV-11 + TEM-1 + CTX-M-2 + OXA-9 | N | P | |
| K. pneumoniae | 1 | KPC-2 + SHV-11 | N | P | |
| K. pneumoniae | 1 | KPC-2 + TEM-1 + SHV-1 + CTX-M-15 | N | P | |
| K. pneumoniae | 1 | KPC-2 + SHV-11 + TEM-1 + SHV-12 + OXA-9 | N | P | |
| K. pneumoniae | 1 | KPC-2 + SHV-11 | N | P | |
| K. pneumoniae | 1 | KPC-2 + SHV-11 + TEM-1 | N | P | |
| E. cloacae | 1 | KPC-2 | N | P | |
| E. cloacae | 1 | KPC-2 + TEM-1 | N | P | |
| E. cloacae | 1 | KPC-2 + TEM-1 + OXA-1 + CTX-M-15 | N | P | |
| E. cloacae | 1 | KPC-2 + TEM-1 + SHV-11 | N | P | |
| E. cloacae | 1 | KPC-2 + TEM-3 | N | P | |
| C. freundii | 1 | KPC-2 + TEM-1 | N | P | |
| S. marcescens | 1 | KPC-2 + TEM-1 + SHV-12 | N | P | |
| S. marcescens | 1 | KPC-2 + TEM-1 | N | P | |
| KPC-3 | K. pneumoniae | 1 | KPC-3 + TEM-1 + SHV-1 + OXA-9 | N | P |
| K. pneumoniae | 1 | KPC-3 + SHV-11 + OXA-9 + TEM-1 | N | P | |
| Klebsiella ozaenae | 1 | KPC-3 + OXA-9 + TEM-1 | N | P | |
| IMI type | E. cloacae | 1 | IMI-1 | N | P |
| Enterobacter asburiae | 1 | IMI-2 | N | P | |
| E. asburiae | 1 | IMI-2 | N | N | |
| NmcA | E. cloacae | 1 | NmcA | N | P |
| Sme type | S. marcescens | 1 | Sme-1 | N | P |
| S. marcescens | 1 | Sme-2 | N | P | |
| GES type | E. cloacae | 1 | GES-5 | N | N |
| FRI | E. cloacae | 1 | FRI-1 | N | P |
| Ambler class D carbapenemases | |||||
| OXA-48 | E. coli | 4 | OXA-48 + CTX-M-15 | N | P |
| E. coli | 1 | OXA-48 + CTX-M-24 + TEM-1 | N | P | |
| E. coli | 1 | OXA-48 + TEM-1 + CTX-M-1 | N | P | |
| K. pneumoniae | 4 | OXA-48 | N | P | |
| K. pneumoniae | 1 | OXA-48 + CTX-M-15 | N | P | |
| K. pneumoniae | 1 | OXA-48 + TEM-1 | N | P | |
| K. pneumoniae | 1 | OXA-48 + SHV-11 | N | P | |
| K. pneumoniae | 2 | OXA-48 + CTX-M-15 + TEM-1 | N | P | |
| E. cloacae | 2 | OXA-48 + TEM-1 + CTX-M-15 + OXA-1 | N | P | |
| E. cloacae | 1 | OXA-48 + SHV-5 | N | P | |
| Citrobacter koseri | 1 | OXA-48 | N | P | |
| C. koseri | 1 | OXA-48 + TEM-1 | N | P | |
| C. freundii | 1 | OXA-48 + SHV-12 + TEM-1 | N | P | |
| OXA-162 | K. pneumoniae | 1 | OXA-162 + TEM-1 + SHV-11 + CTX-M-15 | N | P |
| OXA-181 | E. coli | 1 | OXA-181 | N | P |
| E. coli | 1 | OXA-181 | N | P | |
| K. pneumoniae | 1 | OXA-181 + SHV-11 + TEM-1 + CTX-M-15 + NDM-1 + OXA-1 | P | P | |
| K. pneumoniae | 1 | OXA-181 + SHV-27 + CTX-M-15 + TEM-1 + NDM-1 + OXA-1 | P | P | |
| K. pneumoniae | 1 | OXA-181 + SHV-11 + CTX-M-15 + NDM-1 + OXA-1 | P | P | |
| K. pneumoniae | 1 | OXA-181 + SHV-11 + TEM-1 + CTX-M-15 + NDM-1 + OXA-9 | P | P | |
| K. pneumoniae | 1 | OXA-181 + SHV-11 + CTX-M-15 + OXA-1 | N | P | |
| K. pneumoniae | 1 | OXA-181 + NDM-1 + SHV-2 + CTX-M-15 + OXA-1 | P | P | |
| C. freundii | 1 | OXA-181 + NDM-1 + OXA-1 + OXA-9 + OXA-10 + CTX-M-15 + TEM-1 | P | P | |
| OXA-204 | K. pneumoniae | 1 | OXA-204 + CMY-4 | N | P |
| E. coli | 1 | OXA-204 + CMY-2 + CTX-M-15 + OXA-1 | N | P | |
| E. coli | 1 | OXA-204 + CMY-4+ CTX-M-15 + OXA-1 | N | P | |
| E. coli | 1 | OXA-204 + CMY-4 + CTX-M-15 | N | P | |
| K. pneumoniae | 1 | OXA-204 + SHV-28 + TEM-1 + CTX-M-15 | N | P | |
| OXA-232 | E. coli | 1 | OXA-232 + CTX-M-15 + OXA-1 | N | P |
| K. pneumoniae | 1 | OXA-232 +SHV-1 + TEM-1 + CTX-M-15 + OXA-1 | N | P | |
| OXA-244 | E. coli | 1 | OXA-244 + TEM-1 + CMY-2 | N | E |
| E. coli | 1 | OXA-244 + TEM-1 + CMY-2 | N | N | |
| Non-carbapenemase producers | |||||
| Wild type | K. pneumoniae | 1 | SHV-11 | N | N |
| Acquired cephalosporinase | E. coli | 1 | DHA-1 | N | N |
| E. coli | 1 | ACC-1 | N | N | |
| K. pneumoniae | 1 | DHA-2 | N | N | |
| Proteus mirabilis | 1 | ACC-1 | N | N | |
| ESBL | E. coli | 1 | CTX-M-1 | N | N |
| E. coli | 1 | CTX-M-3 | N | N | |
| K. pneumoniae | 1 | CTX-M-3 | N | N | |
| E. coli | 2 | CTX-M-14 | N | N | |
| K. pneumoniae | 1 | CTX-M-14 | N | N | |
| E. coli | 2 | CTX-M-15 | N | N | |
| K. pneumoniae | 3 | CTX-M-15 | N | N | |
| E. cloacae | 1 | CTX-M-15 | N | N | |
| E. cloacae | 1 | VEB-1 | N | N | |
| Cephalosporinase + impermeability | E. coli | 1 | ➚➚➚ cephalosporinase | N | N |
| E. cloacae | 13 | ➚➚➚ cephalosporinase | N | N | |
| E. cloacae | 1 | ➚➚➚ cephalosporinase + CTX-M-15 | N | N | |
| Enterobacter aerogenes | 1 | ➚➚➚ cephalosporinase | N | N | |
| Morganella morganii | 1 | ➚➚➚ cephalosporinase | N | N | |
| ESBL + impermeability | E. coli | 1 | CTX-M-15 | N | N |
| K. pneumoniae | 1 | CTX-M-15 + SHV-1 | N | N | |
| K. pneumoniae | 2 | CTX-M-15 + TEM-1 + SHV-1 | N | N | |
| K. pneumoniae | 1 | CTX-M-15 + SHV-11 | N | N | |
| K. pneumoniae | 1 | CTX-M-15 + SHV-28 - TEM-1 | N | N | |
| K. pneumoniae | 1 | TEM-1 + SHV-28 | N | N | |
| K. pneumoniae | 4 | CTX-M-15 + TEM-1 + SHV-11 | N | N | |
| K. pneumoniae | 1 | CTX-M-15 + TEM-1 + SHV-12 | N | N | |
| K. pneumoniae | 1 | CTX-M-15 + TEM-1 + SHV-1 + OXA-1 | N | N | |
| ESBL + cephalosporinase + impermeability | E. cloacae | 3 | ➚➚➚ case + CTX-M-15 | N | N |
| C. freundii | 1 | ➚➚➚ case +TEM-3 | N | N | |
| Extended-spectrum oxacillinases | K. pneumoniae | 1 | OXA-163 | N | N |
| E. cloacae | 1 | OXA-163 | N | N | |
| S. marcescens | 1 | OXA-405 | N | N | |
a
P indicates a positive result, N indicates a negative result, and E indicates an equivocal result.
b
➚➚➚ indicates a hyperproduced cephalosporinase.