Table 2.

Predictors of cigarette use health risk perception in smokers with or without schizophrenia.

Category	Variable	Smokers With Schizophrenia								Smokers Without Schizophrenia
		Bivariate Associations								Bivariate Associations
		Recognize Risk (n = 27)		Do Not Recognize Risk (n = 40)			Multivariate Model			Recognize Risk (n = 60)		Do Not Recognize Risk (n = 36)			Multivariate Model
		n/M	%/SD	n/M	%/SD	t/χ2	OR†	95%	CI	n/M	%/SD	n/M	%/SD	t/χ2	OR†	95%	CI
Demographics
Gender						0.001	—							3.51*
	Male	28	73.5	19	66.7					43	71.7	19	52.8		1
	Female	12	26.5	8	33.3					17	28.3	17	47.2		0.35*	[0.14	0.91]
Health-related factors
Pulmonary disorder						4.31*	‡							N/A	—
	No disorder	34	85	17	63					59	98.3	35	97.2	N/A
	Disorder	6	15	10	37					1	1.7	1	2.8	N/A
Subjective view of general health		2.69	3.52	0.98	2.9	2.58*	‡			3.52	2.69	0.95	2.67	0.13	—
Smoking-related factors
	Nicotine dependence	5.28	6.74	1.61	4.78	4.50**	1.99**	[1.30	3.04]	6.74	5.28	2.05	5.42	−0.31	—	[1.30	3.04]
	Cigarettes per day	17.04	26.81	13.69	17.78	3.01**	‡			26.81	17.04	7.54	17.33	−0.17	—
	Motivation to quit	4.45	4.85	1.56	3.5	3.10**	1.92**	[1.21	3.03]	4.85	4.45	2.05	4.64	−0.46	—	[1.21	3.03]
Smoking Consequences Questionnaire
	Reduces negative affect	6.59	6.76	1.66	5.45	2.61*	‡			6.76	6.59	2.46	6.42	0.36	—
	Stimulates/state enhancement	3.38	5.21	2.07	4.82	0.74	—	[0.55	0.90]	5.21	3.38	2.4	4.08	−1.57	0.70**
	Taste good/feels good	4.66	5.89	1.95	4.97	1.81	‡			5.89	4.66	2.28	5.16	−1.1	‡
	Facilitates social interaction	3.98	5.4	1.86	4.81	1.14	—			5.40	3.98	2.4	4.54	−1.15	‡
	Controls appetite	4.04	4.93	2.68	3.47	2.31*	‡			4.93	4.04	2.94	4.35	−0.53	—
	Craving relief/addiction promotion	6.89	7.08	1.39	5.56	3.41**	1.61*	[1.06	2.45]	7.08	6.89	1.47	6.4	−.59	1.79**	[1.06	2.45]
	Causes negative physical feeling	2.42	3.33	2.49	2.65	1.16	‡			3.33	2.42	2.31	2.26	0.35	—
	Reduces boredom	6.32	6.76	1.82	6.06	1.51	‡			6.76	6.32	2.35	5.84	0.98	—
	Causes negative social impression	3.68	4.68	2.28	3.72	1.8	‡			4.68	3.68	2.79	3.69	−0.02	—

Note.

^*p ≤ .05;

^**p ≤ .01.

^†Adjusted for those variables in the final model.

^‡Variables are excluded in the final model in backward stepwise selection procedure, adjusted p ≥ .20.—Variable not entered in the model, bivariate association p ≥ .25. Subjective view of general health was measured by the Quality of Life Index–Brief Version. Nicotine dependence is measured by the Fagerstrom Test of Nicotine Dependence. Motivation to change is measured using the Stages of Change.