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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2018 May 1.
Published in final edited form as: Alcohol. 2017 Jan 11;60:121–133. doi: 10.1016/j.alcohol.2017.01.007

Table 1.

Candidate genes involved in ethanol metabolism and cellular oxidative stress response.

CANDIDATE GENE BIOCHEMICAL FUNCTION
Catalase Antioxidant Enzyme; Reactive Oxygen Species to H2O2
Adh1 Alcohol Breakdown; Alcohol to acetaldehyde
Cyp2e1 Antioxidant Enzyme; Breakdown of xenobiotics
Gpx1 Antioxidant Enzyme; Breakdown of H2O2
Gpx3 Antioxidant Enzyme; Breakdown of H2O2
Gsr Antioxidant Enzyme; Glutathione disulfide to Glutathione (important antioxidant)
Gstm2 Detoxification of electrophilic compounds; Conjugation w/glutathione.
Gstm3 Detoxification of electrophilic compounds; Conjugation w/glutathione.
Gstp1 Role in detoxification; Links Reactive Oxygen Species elements to glutathione for detoxification.
Hif1a Transcription factor; Master hypoxia regulator
Nrf2 Transcription factor; Master antioxidant gene regulator
Nqo1 Prevents production of Reactive Oxygen Species; Reduces quinones to hydroquinones.
Prx1 Antioxidant Enzyme; Control cytokine-induced peroxide levels.
Sod1 Antioxidant Enzyme; Free-radical scavenger.
Sod2 Antioxidant Enzyme; Superoxide to H2O2 & O2
Sod3 Antioxidant Enzyme; Superoxide to H2O2 & O2
Txn Antioxidant Enzyme; Reduction of proteins.