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Amplification of 3 kinds of stem cells cultured in vitro 50×. A1: NPSCs at passage 0, A2: NPSCs at passage 3; B1: AFSCs at passage 0, B2: AFSCs at passage 3; C1: CESCs at passage 0, C2: CESCs at passage 3. AFSCs = annulus fibrosus-derived stem cells, CESCs = cartilage endplate-derived stem cells, NPSCs = nucleus pulposus-derived stem cells.
