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σ1s is required for maximal apoptosis induction in the heart. Immunohistochemical staining of activated caspase-3 in whole hearts (B and C) (original magnification, ×25) demonstrates that loss of σ1s expression significantly reduces reovirus-induced apoptosis (A). In panel A, each bar represents the average score from four to eight mice. Error bars indicate standard errors of the means. *, P < 0.05.
