Table 1.
Demographic characteristics of smartphone application survey respondents (2016; n=6141), compared with nationwide population of pregnant women
| Demographic characteristics | Survey respondents n (%) | Nationwide population of pregnant women (%) |
|---|---|---|
| Age21 | ||
| 18‐28 | 4473 (72.8) | 68.8 |
| 29‐34 | 1192 (19.4) | 21.1 |
| 35+ | 280 (4.6) | 9.1 |
| Missing | 196 (3.2) | n/a |
| Region22 | ||
| Northeast | 716 (11.7) | 15.9 |
| Southeast | 1893 (30.8) | 27.2 |
| Midwest | 1430 (23.3) | 21.0 |
| Southwest | 884 (14.4) | 14.2 |
| West | 1079 (17.6) | 21.6 |
| Missing | 139 (2.3) | n/a |
| Parity23 | ||
| Nulliparous | 3323 (54.1) | 40.0 |
| Parous | 2586 (42.1) | 60.0 |
| Missing | 232 (3.8) | n/a |
| Body mass index (BMI)24 | ||
| Underweight (<18.5) | 255 (4.2) | 4.1 |
| Normal weight (18.5‐24.9) | 2303 (37.5) | 50.9 |
| Overweight (25.0‐29.9) | 1414 (23.0) | 24.3 |
| Obese (30 and greater) | 2169 (35.3) | 20.7 |
| Pregnancy risk characteristics | ||
| High‐risk pregnancya | 2212 (36.0) | 42.0 |
| Previous miscarriage24 | 1868 (30.4) | 11.8 |
| Current smoker25 | 168 (2.7) | 8.4 |
| Occupational plans postpartumb , 26 | ||
| Stay at home | 2849 (46.4) | 45.8 |
| Work part time | 1092 (17.7) | 14.9 |
| Work full time | 1861 (30.3) | 39.3 |
| Missing | 339 (5.5) | n/a |
| Gestational age (weeks) | ||
| 0‐10 | 1337 (21.8) | n/a |
| 11‐20 | 2393 (39.0) | n/a |
| 21‐30 | 1307 (21.3) | n/a |
| 31+ | 1104 (18.0) | n/a |
Ovia identifies users with high‐risk pregnancies on the basis of age, BMI, multiple births, and a comprehensive assessment of self‐reported medical history. To most closely replicate Ovia's method of classifying high‐risk pregnancies, we summed the prevalence of high blood pressure, preeclampsia, gestational diabetes, obesity, multiple births, and ages 40–44 among pregnant women in the United States.24, 27 Where a range of estimates was provided, we used the midpoint of the range in our summation. This methodology likely yields an overestimate as a result of co‐occurrence of conditions among pregnant women.
The nationwide data capture the occupational breakdown of mothers with children under 1 year old.