Table 1.
Results of synovial fluid analyses of total nucleated cell count (TNCC), total protein (TP), prostaglandin E2 (PGE2), interleukin‐6 (IL‐6), glycosaminoglycans (GAGs), matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) and type II collagen synthesis (CPII) taken at post‐injection days (PIDs) −61, 0, 0.3, 1 and 2, in the four treatment groups (meloxicam [Melox], supplements AT and HP, and placebo [Plac])
| PID −61 | PID 0 | PID 0.3 | PID 1 | PID 2 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
TNCC, ×109/L median (range) | |||||
| Melox | 0.17 (0.12–0.41) | 0.11 (0.05–0.15) | 61.31 (42.93–78.15)a | 21.89 (9.05–60.55)a | 3.59 (1.52–8.43)a |
| AT | 0.21 (0.12–0.35) | 0.16 (0.10–0.29) | 45.70 (31.75–61.75)a | 15.00 (7.88–26.41)a | 4.59 (1.21–8.16)a |
| HP | 0.15 (0.09–0.31) | 0.20 (0.08–0.41) | 55.36 (14.52–103.40)a | 17.90 (2.83–26.60)a | 4.95 (1.16–6.67)a |
| Plac | 0.23 (0.15–0.33) | 0.15 (0.11–0.21) | 80.67 (68.81–113.37)b | 26.54 (12.78–80.35)b | 6.89 (2.55–8.89)b |
|
TP, g/L mean ± s.d. | |||||
| Melox | 15.70 ± 3.88 | 16.33 ± 4.46 | 31.33 ± 7.23a | 36.33 ± 5.85a | 21.33 ± 1.63a |
| AT | 15.50 ± 3.33 | 18.33 ± 1.97 | 37.67 ± 8.62a | 40.67 ± 4.13a | 24.33 ± 3.88a,b |
| HP | 16.70 ± 1.97 | 17.67 ± 3.67 | 37.33 ± 10.17a | 40.67 ± 8.64a | 25.33 ± 3.50a,b |
| Plac | 14.20 ± 3.37 | 18.67 ± 6.53 | 50.33 ± 3.20b | 48.00 ± 8.10b | 29.00 ± 4.15b |
|
PGE2, pg/ml median (range) | |||||
| Melox | 27.28 (9.92–143.78) | 16.09 (9.02–23.10) | 53.22 (19.05–127.70)a | 33.05 (20.69–79.50)a | 30.65 (15.45–58.01)a |
| AT | 29.42 (9.95–107.28) | 28.20 (8.78–99.44) | 795.06 (415.43–1571.29)b | 119.72 (96.75–308.46)b | 130.50 (83.32–264.85)b,c |
| HP | 36.04 (12.42–91.52) | 30.14 (13.83–70.14) | 2307.82 (234.25–12,517.59)c | 268.88 (153.72–439.99)b,c | 154.79 (72.01–443.62)b,c |
| Plac | 36.41 (25.21–157.01) | 14.98 (9.10–203.64) | 3795.08 (720.28–40,960.19)d | 304.56 (101.90–3524.93)c | 268.31 (133.20–820.07)c |
|
IL‐6, pg/ml mean ± s.d. | |||||
| Melox | 3.35 ± 8.21 | 3.79 ± 6.10 | 29.69 ± 29.82 | 32.82 ± 44.09 | 15.16 ± 18.94 |
| AT | 14.56 ± 30.10 | 48.40 ± 106.65 | 126.5 ± 261.29 | 118.72 ± 255.30 | 81.37 ± 188.09 |
| HP | 6.85 ± 15.29 | 8.04 ± 19.70 | 54.92 ± 81.79 | 48.40 ± 91.77 | 25.62 ± 44.61 |
| Plac | 5.15 ± 12.62 | 9.40 ± 19.72 | 46.69 ± 60.54 | 29.24 ± 37.01 | 12.15 ± 13.93 |
|
GAGs, μg/ml mean ± s.d. | |||||
| Melox | 114.50 ± 42.86 | 108.20 ± 36.03 | 180.71 ± 26.99 | 245.61 ± 78.46 | 158.17 ± 49.77 |
| AT | 106.80 ± 19.78 | 114.22 ± 13.47 | 178.13 ± 24.28 | 241.02 ± 33.56 | 178.91 ± 25.94 |
| HP | 112.50 ± 29.90 | 115.70 ± 28.30 | 177.34 ± 39.77 | 247.95 ± 88.03 | 205.00 ± 71.36 |
| Plac | 125.10 ± 18.82 | 126.53 ± 17.10 | 191.41 ± 22.94 | 291.59 ± 78.04 | 230.05 ± 67.30 |
|
MMPs, RFU/s median (range) | |||||
| Melox | 251.73 (157.20–451.47) | 215.20 (95.67–396.80) | 276.33 (157.20–568.00) | 692.70 (295.40–1108.40) | 418.13 (239.00–574.27) |
| AT | 232.23 (83.20–465.40) | 217.72 (152.40–317.80) | 695.37 (343.67–1050.60) | 929.63 (521.20–1475.87) | 511.47 (270.87–703.87) |
| HP | 244.13 (118.47–489.13) | 222.77 (95.13–365.73) | 493.93 (126.13–712.07) | 861.80 (466.13–1300.53) | 556.47 (224.67–650.33) |
| Plac | 285.40 (115.20–440.00) | 211.20 (72.80–334.20) | 388.93 (33.67–967.67) | 908.07 (726.73–1328.13) | 592.83 (524.33–700.33) |
|
CPII, ng/ml median (range) | |||||
| Melox | 1035.91 (264.40–8681.40) | 678.86 (521.07–1538.08) | 1388.69 (969.47–1662.18) | 1732.70 (1085.27–2535.43) | 2117.65 (910.16–4948.36) |
| AT | 1054.89 (538.99–1569.74) | 1031.74 (341.15–1207.49) | 1186.43 (253.31–2560.36) | 3631.69 (866.49–6320.83) | 4379.43 (828.20–6203.69) |
| HP | 660.33 (373.05–1075.67) | 869.76 (290.59–1094.46) | 1058.04 (323.97–2289.94) | 6103.99 (1032.04–8639.12) | 4283.48 (1278.48–12,303.01) |
| Plac | 436.35 (38.12–609.66) | 814.47 (33.50–1883.84) | 1181.77 (635.77–2874.65) | 3583.98 (1117.20–12,341.05) | 7653.97 (1591.68–23,051.08) |
RFU/s, relative fluorescence units/s. Within time points, treatments with different superscripts show statistically significant differences.