Table 2.
Age, Sex, Socioeconomic and Lifestyle Characteristics, Comorbidities, and Falls in a Cohort of English Men and Women Aged 60 and Older with No Frailty in 2004
| Covariate | Overall, n = 1,396 | Good Hearing, n = 1,131 (81%) | Poor Hearing, n = 265 (19%) | P‐Value |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age, n (%) | ||||
| 60–69 | 864 (62) | 743 (66) | 121 (46) | <.001 |
| 70–79 | 459 (33) | 336 (30) | 123 (46) | |
| ≥80 | 73 (5) | 52 (5) | 21 (8) | |
| Male, n (%) | 785 (56) | 603 (53) | 182 (69) | <.001 |
| Wealth quintile, n (%) | ||||
| 1 (lowest) | 112 (8) | 83 (7) | 29 (11) | .01 |
| 2 | 204 (15) | 154 (14) | 50 (19) | |
| 3 | 278 (20) | 218 (20) | 60 (23) | |
| 4 | 346 (25) | 293 (26) | 53 (20) | |
| 5 (highest) | 436 (31) | 368 (33) | 68 (26) | |
| No educational qualification, n (%) | 420 (30) | 321 (28) | 99 (37) | .04 |
| Smoker, n (%) | 103 (7) | 82 (7) | 21 (8) | .69 |
| Body mass index, kg/m2, mean ± SD | 27.2 ± 3.9 | 27.2 ± 3.9 | 27.3 ± 4.1 | .85 |
| Hypertension, n (%) | 560 (40) | 450 (40) | 110 (42) | .61 |
| Cardiovascular disease, n (%) | 195 (14) | 150 (13) | 45 (17) | .12 |
| Diabetes mellitus, n (%) | 90 (6) | 70 (6) | 20 (8) | .42 |
| Cognitive function, mean ± SDa | 14.2 ± 3.3 | 14.4 ± 3.1 | 13.6 ± 3.2 | <.001 |
| Depression symptoms, n (%) | 149 (11) | 117 (10) | 32 (12) | .41 |
| History of falls, n (%) | 347 (25) | 278 (25) | 69 (26) | .62 |
a
According to a 24‐point cognitive scale on orientation to time and immediate and delayed recall.26
SD = standard deviation.