Table 3.
Age, Sex, Socioeconomic and Lifestyle Characteristics, Comorbidities, and Falls in a Cohort of English Men and Women Aged 60 and Older with Prefrailty in 2004
| Covariate | Overall, n = 1,178 | Good Hearing, n = 887 (75%) | Poor Hearing, n = 291 (25%) | P‐Value |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age, n (%) | ||||
| 60–69 | 568 (48) | 458 (52) | 110 (38) | <.001 |
| 70–79 | 455 (39) | 327 (37) | 128 (44) | |
| ≥80 | 155 (13) | 102 (12) | 53 (18) | |
| Male, n (%) | 413 (35) | 261 (29) | 152 (52) | <.001 |
| Wealth quintile, n (%) | ||||
| 1 (lowest) | 195 (17) | 144 (16) | 51 (18) | .28 |
| 2 | 264 (22) | 189 (22) | 75 (26) | |
| 3 | 242 (21) | 182 (21) | 60 (21) | |
| 4 | 236 (20) | 180 (21) | 56 (19) | |
| 5 (highest) | 230 (20) | 184 (21) | 46 (16) | |
| No educational qualification, n (%) | 507 (43) | 372 (42) | 135 (46) | .18 |
| Smoker, n (%) | 162 (14) | 116 (13) | 46 (16) | .24 |
| Body mass index, kg/m2, mean ± SD | 27.9 ± 4.8 | 28.0 ± 4.9 | 27.8 ± 4.4 | .48 |
| Hypertension, n (%) | 583 (50) | 430 (49) | 153 (53) | .23 |
| Cardiovascular disease, n (%) | 213 (18) | 144 (16) | 69 (24) | <.001 |
| Diabetes mellitus, n (%) | 121 (10) | 86 (10) | 35 (12) | .26 |
| Cognitive function, mean ± SDa | 13.7 ± 3.4 | 13.8 ± 3.3 | 12.5 ± 3.4 | <.001 |
| Depression symptoms, n (%) | 362 (31) | 266 (30) | 96 (33) | .32 |
| History of falls, n (%) | 396 (34) | 291 (33) | 105 (36) | .31 |
a
According to a 24‐point cognitive scale on orientation to time and immediate and delayed recall.26
SD = standard deviation.