Southern blot analysis of liver samples from infected ducks. Total DNA and cccDNA were prepared from liver samples collected at autopsy at 5 weeks (MDHBVb) or 10 weeks postinfection (DHBV, OSHBV, PTHBV, CWHBV, and MDHBVa). Total and cccDNA from 1.6 × 106 and 3.2 × 106 liver cells, respectively, were subjected to Southern blot analysis following electrophoresis on 1.5% agarose gels as described in Materials and Methods. The positions of the relaxed circle (RC), double-stranded linear (DL), and single-stranded (SS) DNAs are indicated. The marker contains 30 pg of cloned unit-length DHBV DNA migrating at 3 kbp.