FIG. 7.

AcNPV requires endosomal maturation to induce immune system activation in macrophages. (A) RAW264.7 cells (10⁶ cells/well) were stimulated with AcNPV (5 μg/ml), mCpG (200 ng/ml), LPS (10 ng/ml), or PGN (2.5 μg/ml) at the indicated concentrations of chloroquine. After 24 h of incubation, the production of TNF-α in culture supernatants was determined by a sandwich ELISA. Chloroquine was added to the cells 2 h before stimulation. Data are shown as means ± SD. (B) RAW264.7 cells (10⁶ cells/well) were treated with AcNPV (5 μg/ml) or LPS (10 ng/ml) and with the indicated concentrations of endosomal maturation inhibitors. After 24 h of incubation, the production of TNF-α in culture supernatants was determined by a sandwich ELISA. The inhibitors were added to the cells 2 h before stimulation. Data are shown as means ± SD.