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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2017 Jun 26.
Published in final edited form as: JAMA Oncol. 2016 Sep 1;2(9):1170–1176. doi: 10.1001/jamaoncol.2016.0685

Table 1.

Use of Complementary and Alternative Medicine by BQUAL Participants at Study Enrollment, by Chemotherapy Clinical Indication, and Chemotherapy Initiation

Characteristic No. (%) P Valuea
Total Sample (n = 685) Chemotherapy Indicated (n = 306) P Valuea Chemotherapy Discretionary (n = 379)
Initiated (n = 272) Did Not Initiate (n = 34) Initiated (n = 135) Did Not Initiate (n = 244)
Current use of any CAMb 598 (87) 234 (86) 32 (94)   .28 114 (84) 218 (89) .19
Dietary supplements 482 (70) 169 (62) 30 (88)   .002   96 (72) 187 (77) .32
Vitamins and/or minerals 246 (36)   75 (28) 24 (71) <.001   51 (38)   96 (39) .83
Herbs and/or botanicals 287 (42)   98 (36) 17 (50)   .13   56 (42) 116 (48) .28
Other natural products 284 (41) 107 (39) 18 (53)   .14   45 (34) 114 (47) .02
Mind-body practices 483 (71) 197 (72) 22 (65)   .42   88 (66) 176 (72) .20
Self-practicec 458 (67) 184 (68) 21 (62)   .56   85 (63) 168 (69) .30
Practitioner-basedd 164 (24)   70 (26) 10 (29)   .68   28 (21)   56 (23) .70
CAM Indexe
 0   87 (13)   38 (14)   2 (6)   .001   21 (16)   26 (11) .49
 1 164 (24)   75 (28) 10 (29)   31 (23)   48 (20)
 2 173 (25)   69 (25)   3 (9)   37 (27)   64 (26)
 3 144 (21)   48 (18)   9 (27)   28 (21)   59 (24)
 4   88 (13)   33 (12)   3 (9)   14 (10)   38 (16)
 5   29 (4)     9 (3)   7 (21)     4 (3)     9 (4)

Abbreviations: BQUAL, Breast Cancer Quality of Care Study; CAM, complementary and alternative medicine.

a

P values were calculated utilizing χ2 tests and Fisher exact test.

b

CAM use is defined as the current use of any of the following five modalities: vitamins and/or minerals, herbs and/or botanical, other natural products, self-practice mind-body therapies, and practitioner-based mind-body therapies.

c

For example, yoga and meditation.

d

For example, acupuncture, massage, and reiki.

e

The CAM index is based on the sum of the score of using each of the following five modalities: vitamins/minerals, herbs/botanical, other natural products, self-practice mind-body therapies, and practitioner-based mind-body therapies.