Table 4.
Data application: Presented results include the regression parameter estimates (Est.), the estimated standard errors (SE), and the corresponding p-values (P-value), under all 12 considered scenarios. Also included are the analogous results obtained from the artificial constructed homogeneous pooling data (HPD). Note, the presence (absence) of “ *” indicates that the MCMLE accounted for (ignored) the effect of measurement error.
| Model | Data set | Intercept | Age | Miscarriage | Race*Miscarriage | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Lognormal | ID | Est.(SE) | −2.130(0.055) | 0.111(0.039) | 0.271(0.087) | −0.508(0.122) |
| P-value | 0.000 | 0.005 | 0.002 | 0.000 | ||
| ID* | Est(SE) | −2.091(0.053) | 0.117(0.037) | 0.220(0.082) | −0.409(0.119) | |
| P-value | 0.000 | 0.002 | 0.007 | 0.001 | ||
| PD | Est.(SE) | −2.438(0.070) | 0.105(0.066) | 0.314(0.116) | −0.822(0.225) | |
| P-value | 0.000 | 0.112 | 0.007 | 0.000 | ||
| PD* | Est.(SE) | −2.365(0.077) | 0.155(0.065) | 0.262(0.115) | −0.681(0.246) | |
| P-value | 0.000 | 0.018 | 0.023 | 0.006 | ||
| HPD* | Est.(SE) | −2.116(0.059) | 0.110(0.041) | 0.220(0.089) | −0.360(0.128) | |
| P-value | 0.000 | 0.007 | 0.014 | 0.005 | ||
| Gamma (log link) | ID | Est.(SE) | −1.592(0.075) | 0.099(0.054) | 0.227(0.119) | −0.406(0.167) |
| P-value | 0.000 | 0.066 | 0.056 | 0.015 | ||
| ID* | Est.(SE) | −1.615(0.053) | 0.100(0.038) | 0.232(0.084) | −0.403(0.119) | |
| P-value | 0.000 | 0.008 | 0.006 | 0.000 | ||
| PD | Est.(SE) | −1.680(0.061) | 0.171(0.058) | 0.305(0.099) | −0.976(0.207) | |
| P-value | 0.000 | 0.003 | 0.002 | 0.000 | ||
| PD* | Est.(SE) | −1.708(0.067) | 0.176(0.063) | 0.311(0.109) | −1.033(0.249) | |
| P-value | 0.000 | 0.005 | 0.004 | 0.000 | ||
| HPD* | Est.(SE) | −1.601(0.058) | 0.097(0.042) | 0.230(0.091) | −0.407(0.130) | |
| P-value | 0.000 | 0.020 | 0.012 | 0.002 | ||
| Gamma (inverse link) | ID | Est.(SE) | 4.922(0.365) | −0.424(0.227) | −0.959(0.511) | 1.947(0.892) |
| P-value | 0.000 | 0.062 | 0.061 | 0.029 | ||
| ID* | Est.(SE) | 5.033(0.265) | −0.437(0.163) | −0.989(0.369) | 1.972(0.647) | |
| P-value | 0.000 | 0.008 | 0.007 | 0.002 | ||
| PD | Est.(SE) | 5.365(0.322) | −0.667(0.228) | −1.301(0.447) | 6.429(1.915) | |
| P-value | 0.000 | 0.003 | 0.004 | 0.001 | ||
| PD* | Est.(SE) | 5.518(0.368) | −0.703(0.253) | −1.350(0.503) | 7.002(2.507) | |
| P-value | 0.000 | 0.006 | 0.007 | 0.005 | ||
| HPD* | Est.(SE) | 4.964(0.286) | −0.418(0.177) | −0.977(0.398) | 1.973(0.705) | |
| P-value | 0.000 | 0.018 | 0.014 | 0.005 |