Table 1.

Clinical characteristics of propensity score-matched subjects

	mTIH (n = 57)	non-mTIH (n = 57)	p value
Age (mean ± SD)	34.7 ± 11.2	34.4 ± 11.9	0.916
Female (n, %)	25 (43.9)	26 (45.6)	0.864
Initial GCS score (n, %)			0.838
15	25 (43.9)	27 (47.4)
14	21 (36.8)	21 (36.8)
13	11 (19.3)	9 (15.8)
Cause of traumatic brain injury (n, %)			0.782
Motor vehicle accident	34 (59.6)	33 (57.9)
Fall from height	12 (21.1)	12 (21.1)
Direct hit on the head	11 (19.3)	12 (21.1)
Mechanism of traumatic brain injury (n, %)			0.705
Whiplash	7 (12.3)	9 (15.8)
Head being struck	11 (19.3)	12 (21.1)
Head striking an object	39 (68.4)	36 (63.2)
Type of traumatic intracranial hemorrhage (n, %)			-
Subarachnoid	39 (68.4)	-
Contusional	2 (3.5)	-
Epidural	17 (29.8)	-
Subdural	28 (49.1)	-
Intraventricular	4 (7.0)	-
Loss of consciousness (n, %)	39 (68.4)	23 (42.6)	0.046
Vomiting (n, %)	19 (33.3)	13 (22.8)	0.194
Tinnitus (n, %)	4 (7.0)	7 (12.3)	0.341
Visual symptoms (n, %)	5 (8.8)	3 (5.3)	0.436
Confusion (n, %)	13 (22.8)	9 (15.8)	0.208
Post-traumatic amnesia (n, %)	15 (26.3)	10 (17.5)	0.145
Post-traumatic seizure (n, %)	6 (10.5)	1 (1.8)	0.005
Previously diagnosed headache (n, %)	9 (15.8)	14 (24.6)	0.172
Antiplatelet agent (n, %)	4 (7.0)	5 (8.8)	0.734
Anticoagulant (n, %)	1 (1.8)	0 (0)	0.681
Initial headache intensity (n, %)			0.079
Mild (NRS 0–3)	14 (24.6)	19 (33.3)
Moderate-to-Severe (NRS 4–10)	43 (75.4)	38 (66.7)
PTH at 12-month follow-up (n, %)			0.012
Mild (NRS 0–3)	40 (70.2)	49 (86.0)
Moderate-to-Severe (NRS 4–10)	17 (29.8)	8 (14.0)

Abbreviations: GCS Glasgow Coma Scale, mTIH minimal traumatic intracranial hemorrhage, NRS numeric rating scale, PTH post-traumatic headache, SD standard deviation