Figure 6.

Model showing the role of different levels of H₂O₂ in beta-cell proliferation and neogenesis. A regular supply of low levels of exogenous H₂O₂ is necessary for beta-cell proliferation. Moderate levels of H₂O₂ drive beta-cell proliferation, whereas high levels of H₂O₂ induce beta-cell quiescence and stimulate neogenesis of beta-cells. Our model suggests that in a physiological context, such as nutrient-stimulation, H₂O₂ is produced by the beta-cell in response to glucose and plays a role as a second-messenger responsible for driving beta-cell proliferation.