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. 2017 Jun 26;7:4244. doi: 10.1038/s41598-017-03779-6

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© The Author(s) 2017

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Immunostaining (63x) of actin (red), vinculin (green) and nucleus (blue) of (a–c) RWPE1 (non-cancerous; polarized) and (d–f) RWPE2 (cancerous; non-polarized) cells on (c,f) flat surfaces and on microgroove structures, with the same cell visualized on (a,d) the X-Y plane and (b,e) the Z-X plane. Dotted lines represent the microgroove wall boundaries, and the ‘Top’ area below the lines represent the top plateau of the microgroove structures. Yellow arrows indicate the directions of the major actin extensions. (Scale bar, 20 μm) (g) Circularity and (h) aspect ratio for RWPE1 and RWPE2 cells on flat surfaces and microgroove structures. (i) Focal adhesion size and (j) focal adhesion aspect ratio for RWPE1 and RWPE2 cells on flat surfaces and microgroove structures. Error bars are SEM (N = 3 trials with 20 cells quantified per trial).