Table 1.
Baseline characteristics of participants included in cardiac autonomic function analyses (n=121)
| Paced respiration (N=62) |
Music listening (N=59) |
Total Sample (N=121) |
p-value | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age in years (mean, SD) | 53.1 (3.4) | 53.7 (3.4) | 53.4 (3.4) | 0.29 |
| Race (number, %) | ||||
| White | 38 (61.3) | 33 (55.9) | 71 (58.7) | 0.55 |
| Black/African-American | 13 (21.0) | 16 (27.1) | 29 (24.0) | 0.43 |
| Latina/Hispanic | 2 (3.2) | 4 (6.8) | 6 (5.0) | 0.37 |
| Asian/Asian-American | 12 (19.4) | 8 (13.6) | 20 (16.5) | 0.39 |
| Other/unspecified | 5 (8.1) | 5 (8.5) | 10 (8.3) | 0.94 |
| Education (number, %) | ||||
| College+ graduate | 56 (90.3) | 54 (91.5) | 110 (90.9) | 0.82 |
| Relationship status (number, %) | ||||
| Married or in a significant relationship |
42 (67.7) | 29 (49.2) | 71 (58.7) | 0.04 |
| Single/widowed/divorced | 20 (32.3) | 30 (50.8) | 50 (41.3) | |
| Parity | ||||
| Live births (mean, SD) | 1.31 (1.3) | 1.31 (1.6) | 1.31 (1.4) | 0.63 |
| Medication Use (number, %) | ||||
| Beta-blocker | 8 (6.8) | 7 (6.3) | 15 (6.6) | 0.86 |
| Sympathomimetic | 2 (1.7) | 3 (2.7) | 5 (2.2) | 0.62 |
| Anti-cholinergic | 14 (12.0) | 18 (16.1) | 32 (14.0) | 0.37 |
| Nicotinic antagonist | 2 (1.7) | 0 (0) | 2 (0.9) | 0.17 |
| Menopausal history (number, %) | ||||
| Hysterectomy | 6 (9.7) | 7 (11.9) | 13 (10.7) | 0.70 |
| Bilateral oophorectomy | 1 (1.6) | 2 (3.4) | 3 (2.5) | 0.53 |
| Naturally postmenopausala | 26 (48.1) | 34 (60.7) | 60 (54.5) | 0.19 |
| Perimenopausalb | 21 (38.9) | 15 (26.8) | 36 (32.7) | 0.18 |
|
Past use of hot flash treatments (number, %) |
||||
| Hormones (Estrogen) | 7 (11.3) | 7 (11.9) | 14 (11.6) | 0.92 |
| Gabapentin | 0 (0.0) | 2 (3.4) | 2 (1.7) | 0.14 |
| Alternative Therapies | 13 (21.0) | 19 (32.2) | 32 (26.4) | 0.16 |
| Body Mass Index (number, %) | ||||
| < 25 kg/m2 | 25 (40.3) | 29 (49.2) | 54 (44.6) | 0.44 |
| 25 to <30 kg/m2 | 21 (33.9) | 14 (23.7) | 35 (28.9) | |
| >= 30 kg/m2 | 16 (25.8) | 16 (27.1) | 32 (26.4) | |
| Vital signs (mean, SD) | ||||
| Systolic blood pressure (mmHg) | 122.31 (19.7) | 118.85 (14.2) | 120.62 (17.2) | 0.35 |
| Diastolic blood pressure(mmHg) | 77.23 (10.9) | 76.37 (11.9) | 76.81 (11.3) | 0.57 |
| Heart rate (bpm) | 70.42 (10.4) | 67.97 (11.5) | 69.22 (11.0) | 0.13 |
| Respiratory rate (breaths/pm) | 13.60 (2.5) | 13.97 (3.2) | 13.78 (2.8) | 0.66 |
| Health behaviors (number, %) | ||||
| Current cigarette smoker | 4 (6.6) | 8 (13.8) | 12 (10.1) | 0.19 |
| Alcohol use on ≥ 5 day/week | 8 (12.9) | 6 (10.2) | 14 (11.6) | 0.64 |
|
Cardiac autonomic measures (mean, SD) |
||||
| PEP (ms) during movie | 121.7 (13.7) | 121.7 (13.4) | 121.3 (13.5) | 0.86 |
| RSA (ms2) during movie | 5.56 (1.2) | 5.20 (1.3) | 5.38 (1.3) | 0.23 |
a
All women without a history of hysterectomy or bilateral oophorectomy who report no menstrual period for 1 year were considered naturally postmenopausal.
b
Women without a history of hysterectomy or bilateral oophorectomy who report a menstrual period within the past year were considered perimenopausal.