Table 3.

Effects of early sleep and wakefulness on retrieval function and working memory

	Fluency of word retrieval		Digit span (forward)		Digit span (backward)
	Before	After 3 h	Before	After 3 h	Before	After 3 h
Sleep	20.17 ± 1.54	19.83 ± 1.57	9.08 ± 0.70	9.92 ± 0.58	7.58 ± 0.48	8.25 ± 0.55
Wake	19.70 ± 1.68	22.60 ± 1.72	8.30 ± 0.77	8.50 ± 0.63	7.80 ± 0.52	7.50 ± 0.60

Mean ± SEM scores for fluency of word retrieval and digit-span test performance (forward and backward).