Fig. 1.
Experimental design. Female mice received a single intraperitoneal injection of LPS. After 5 days of LPS administration, female mice were mated with males. The offspring were weaned at 3 weeks and male offspring were removed from the cage. Only female offspring were used for further experiment and were given the same diet as their mothers. The offspring that were born from dam and received LPS are termed the maternal LPS group (n = 7), and the offspring that were born from the sham group were termed the control group (n = 7). Female offspring were induced experimental allergic rhinitis. At 7 and 8 weeks old, all female offspring mice were immunized intraperitoneally with ovalbumin (OVA) with aluminum potassium sulfate (Alum). A week after the booster immunization, the mice were intranasally challenged with OVA solution by daily instillation for 6 days.