Table 1.
Anthropometric and fasting biochemical measurements
| Low insulin (n = 10) | High insulin (n = 10) | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Low GC | Medium GC | High GC | Low GC | Medium GC | High GC | |
| Age (years) | 36.9 ± 4.7 | 37.0 ± 4.7 | 36.9 ± 4.7 | 29.9 ± 5.2 | 30.0 ± 5.2 | 29.9 ± 5.2 |
| Weight (kg) | 74.6 ± 2.1 | 75.3 ± 2.0 | 75.1 ± 2.3 | 76.6 ± 2.8 | 76.9 ± 2.9 | 76.7 ± 2.7 |
| BMI (kg/m2) | 23.2 ± 0.5 | 23.5 ± 0.5 | 23.4 ± 0.6 | 24.0 ± 0.4 | 24.1 ± 0.5 | 24.1 ± 0.5 |
| Fat mass (kg) | 13.6 ± 0.8 | 14.1 ± 1.0 | 14.1 ± 0.9 | 12.7 ± 1.2 | 13.4 ± 1.3 | 13.0 ± 1.3 |
| Temperature (°C) | 36.6 ± 0.2 | 36.6 ± 0.1 | 36.5 ± 0.2 | 36.6 ± 0.1 | 36.7 ± 0.1 | 36.7 ± 0.1 |
| Cholesterol (mmol/L) | 3.9 ± 0.2 | 4.3 ± 0.1 | 4.1 ± 0.2 | 4.2 ± 0.3 | 4.2 ± 0.3 | 4.3 ± 0.2 |
| Triglycerides (mmol/L) | 0.9 ± 0.1 | 0.9 ± 0.1 | 0.9 ± 0.1 | 1.0 ± 0.1 | 1.0 ± 0.2 | 0.8 ± 0.1 |
| NEFAs (µmol/L) | 286 ± 37 | 288 ± 31 | 341 ± 38 | 317 ± 40 | 292 ± 53 | 254 ± 42 |
| Heart rate (bpm) (SS) | 61.0 ± 2.9 | 62.7 ± 2.8 | 59.7 ± 2.1 | 59.4 ± 2.8 | 59.2 ± 2.3 | 61.4 ± 2.0 |
| Heart rate (bpm) (ADR) | 66.4 ± 2.3 | 69.6 ± 3.0 | 76.1 ± 1.9*# | 67.5 ± 2.3 | 68.7 ± 3.2 | 75.7 ± 2.7**## |
| Systolic BP (mm Hg) (SS) | 120.8 ± 2.1 | 122.1 ± 2.0 | 123.4 ± 2.4 | 119.1 ± 2.7 | 120.5 ± 2.2 | 124.4 ± 2.5 |
| Systolic BP (mm Hg) (ADR) | 126.4 ± 2.7 | 127.3 ± 2.9 | 131.3 ± 3.6 | 127.6 ± 3.2 | 131.1 ± 2.7 | 130.7 ± 5.2 |
| Diastolic BP (mm Hg)(SS) | 72.1 ± 2.5 | 74.2 ± 2.2 | 73.4 ± 1.9 | 68.8 ± 1.9 | 69.4 ± 1.9 | 69.8 ± 1.4 |
| Diastolic BP (mm Hg) (ADR) | 69.7 ± 2.2 | 67.3 ± 2.5 | 65.7 ± 2.1 | 63.0 ± 1.7 | 65.3 ± 2.0 | 61.6 ± 2.5 |
| Total glucose infused (g) | 21.4 ± 2.8 | 12.7 ± 1.9* | 14.9 ± 2.3* | 62.5 ± 6.5 | 54.5 ± 7.6 | 53.8 ± 6.8 |
Data are given as mean ± SEM. Steady state (SS) data are the mean values obtained from t + 180 to t + 240 minutes of the infusion. Adrenaline (ADR) data are the mean values obtained from t + 285 to t + 345 minutes. Adrenaline increased heart rate and systolic BP and decreased diastolic BP (all P < .01). Total glucose infused during the protocol was increased in the high insulin group (P < .001). NEFAs = non‐esterified fatty acids. *P < .05, **P < .01 vs low GC; #P < .05, ##P < .01 vs medium GC.