Table 1.
Baseline characteristics of patients who were new users of novel GLDs (either dapagliflozin or DPP‐4 inhibitors) compared with new users of insulin
| Unmatched | Propensity score matched 1:1 | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Novel GLD group | Insulin | Novel GLD group | Insulin | P | |
| n = 12 544 | n = 25 059 | n = 10 879 | n = 10 879 | ||
| Age, years (s.d.) | 64.5 (11.9) | 68.3 (14.1) | 65.1 (12.0) | 65.1 (13.5) | .742 |
| Gender (female) | 4978 (40) | 10 626 (42) | 4408 (41) | 4410 (41) | .989 |
| Time since first GLD, years (s.d.) | 4.9 (3.1) | 4.7 (3.6) | 5.0 (3.2) | 5.0 (3.2) | .550 |
| Myocardial infarction | 1152 (9) | 3008 (12) | 1012 (9) | 1017 (9) | .926 |
| CABG | 402 (3) | 1034 (4) | 367 (3) | 370 (3) | .940 |
| PCI | 981 (8) | 2048 (8) | 840 (8) | 849 (8) | .839 |
| Unstable angina | 540 (4) | 1378 (5) | 488 (4) | 471 (4) | .597 |
| Angina pectoris | 1445 (12) | 3606 (14) | 1298 (12) | 1316 (12) | .723 |
| Heart failure | 934 (7) | 3518 (14) | 874 (8) | 906 (8) | .443 |
| Atrial fibrillation | 1222 (10) | 3988 (16) | 1141 (10) | 1155 (11) | .774 |
| Stroke | 1012 (8) | 3658 (15) | 963 (9) | 959 (9) | .943 |
| Hemorrhagic | 156 (1) | 547 (2) | 146 (1) | 137 (1) | .632 |
| Ischemic | 667 (5) | 2570 (10) | 640 (6) | 641 (6) | 1.000 |
| TIA | 301 (2) | 1132 (5) | 286 (3) | 304 (3) | .478 |
| Peripheral artery disease | 572 (5) | 1712 (7) | 527 (5) | 507 (5) | .545 |
| Chronic kidney disease | 306 (2) | 1339 (5) | 295 (3) | 322 (3) | .288 |
| Microvascular disease | 2326 (19) | 6691 (27) | 2225 (20) | 2229 (20) | .960 |
| Severe hypoglycemia | 27 (0) | 124 (0) | 25 (0) | 20 (0) | .551 |
| Cancer | 1897 (15) | 6018 (24) | 1780 (16) | 1791 (16) | .855 |
| COPD | 458 (4) | 1537 (6) | 430 (4) | 433 (4) | .945 |
| Lower limb amputations | 26 (0) | 182 (1) | 26 (0) | 26 (0) | 1.000 |
| Antihypertensives | 9683 (77) | 18280 (73) | 8226 (76) | 8101 (74) | .052 |
| Statins | 7916 (63) | 12927 (52) | 6535 (60) | 6589 (61) | .463 |
| Low dose aspirin | 4014 (32) | 8925 (36) | 3552 (33) | 3560 (33) | .919 |
| β‐blockers | 5306 (42) | 11293 (45) | 4596 (42) | 4663 (43) | .365 |
| Metformin | 10584 (84) | 15865 (63) | 8925 (82) | 8957 (82) | .583 |
| Sulphonylurea | 3763 (30) | 7113 (28) | 3405 (31) | 3431 (32) | .715 |
| DPP‐4 inhibitor | 625 (5) | 2248 (9) | 625 (6) | 621 (6) | .930 |
| GLP‐1 receptor agonist | 458 (4) | 1221 (5) | 457 (4) | 475 (4) | .569 |
| Metiglinides | 549 (4) | 1422 (6) | 525 (5) | 544 (5) | .572 |
| Index year | .435 | ||||
| 2013 | 3347 (27) | 8153 (33) | 3121 (29) | 3068 (28) | |
| 2014 | 9197 (73) | 16906 (67) | 7758 (71) | 7811 (72) | |
| Number of GLD classes dispensed within 1 year before index | |||||
| 0 | 1106 (8.82) | 6749 (26.93) | 1104 (10.15) | 1319 (12.12) | |
| 1 | 7522 (59.96) | 11326 (45.20) | 6268 (57.62) | 5797 (53.29) | |
| 2 | 3631 (28.95) | 6286 (25.08) | 3238 (29.76) | 3440 (31.62) | |
| 3+ | 285 (2.27) | 698 (2.79) | 269 (2.47) | 323 (2.97) | |
| First registered year of dispensed GLD | .999 | ||||
| 2005 | 3051 (24) | 7965 (32) | 2980 (27) | 2975 (27) | |
| 2006 | 904 (7) | 1637 (7) | 831 (8) | 825 (8) | |
| 2007 | 889 (7) | 1463 (6) | 758 (7) | 753 (7) | |
| 2008 | 1041 (8) | 1461 (6) | 849 (8) | 883 (8) | |
| 2009 | 1083 (9) | 1512 (6) | 883 (8) | 895 (8) | |
| 2010 | 1084 (9) | 1352 (5) | 835 (8) | 824 (8) | |
| 2011 | 1113 (9) | 1247 (5) | 803 (7) | 813 (7) | |
| 2012 | 1027 (8) | 1149 (5) | 755 (7) | 745 (7) | |
| 2013 | 1249 (10) | 2775 (11) | 1088 (10) | 1062 (10) | |
| 2014 | 1103 (9) | 4498 (18) | 1097 (10) | 1104 (10) | |
All numbers in parenthesis are percentage if not stated otherwise.
Abbreviations: CABG, coronary artery bypass grafting; COPD, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. PCI, percutaneous coronary intervention; s.d., standard deviation; TIA, transient ischaemic attack.