Table 1.
Patient characteristics of dulaglutide vs exenatide once‐weekly cohorts pre‐ and post‐propensity matching
| Characteristics | All patients | Matched patients | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Dulaglutide | Exenatide once weekly | Standardized difference | Dulaglutide | Exenatide once weekly | Standardized difference | |
| n = 2470 | n = 5022 | n = 2415 | n = 2415 | |||
| Mean (s.d.) age, years | 55.3 (10.3) | 54.9 (10.0) | 0.04 | 54.3 (9.9) | 54.4 (9.8) | 0.01 |
| Women, n (%) | 1311 (53.1) | 2688 (53.5) | 0.01 | 1266 (52.4) | 1254 (51.9) | 0.01 |
| Geographic region, n (%) | ||||||
| Northeast | 397 (16.1) | 835 (16.6) | 0.01 | 460 (19.0) | 461 (19.1) | 0.00 |
| North Central | 505 (20.5) | 1006 (20.0) | 0.01 | 398 (16.5) | 379 (15.7) | 0.02 |
| South | 1333 (54.0) | 2664 (53.0) | 0.02 | 1332 (55.2) | 1347 (55.8) | 0.01 |
| West | 233 (9.4) | 512 (10.2) | 0.03 | 222 (9.2) | 226 (9.4) | 0.01 |
| Unknown | 2 (0.1) | 5 (0.1) | 0.01 | 3 (0.1) | 2 (0.1) | 0.01 |
| Primary insurance payer, n (%) | ||||||
| Commercial | 2111 (85.5) | 4364 (86.9) | 0.04 | 2152 (89.1) | 2149 (89.0) | 0.00 |
| Medicare | 359 (14.5) | 658 (13.1) | – | 263 (10.9) | 266 (11.0) | – |
| Comorbid conditions, n (%) | ||||||
| Cardiovascular disease | 281 (11.4) | 550 (11.0) | 0.01 | 267 (11.1) | 273 (11.3) | 0.01 |
| Dyslipidaemia | 1549 (62.7) | 3112 (62.0) | 0.02 | 1612 (66.7) | 1625 (67.3) | 0.01 |
| Hypertension | 1643 (66.5) | 3330 (66.3) | 0.00 | 1595 (66.0) | 1635 (67.7) | 0.04 |
| Nephropathy | 231 (9.4) | 475 (9.5) | 0.00 | 229 (9.5) | 225 (9.3) | 0.01 |
| Neuropathy | 427 (17.3) | 833 (16.6) | 0.02 | 432 (17.9) | 436 (18.1) | 0.00 |
| Retinopathy | 132 (5.3) | 280 (5.6) | 0.01 | 133 (5.5) | 144 (6.0) | 0.02 |
| Mean (s.d.) Deyo–Charlson comorbidity index | 1.9 (1.4) | 1.8 (1.4) | 0.02 | 1.8 (1.4) | 1.9 (1.4) | 0.01 |
| Antidiabetic medications during the pre‐index period, n (%) | ||||||
| Metformin | 1449 (58.7) | 3041 (60.6) | 0.04 | 1484 (61.4) | 1526 (63.2) | 0.04 |
| Sulphonylureas | 708 (28.7) | 1650 (32.8%) | 0.09 | 723 (29.9) | 804 (33.3)* | 0.07 |
| DPP‐4 inhibitor | 526 (21.3) | 1022 (20.4%) | 0.02 | 540 (22.4) | 549 (22.7) | 0.01 |
| SGLT2 | 422 (17.1) | 850 (16.9%) | 0.00 | 661 (27.4) | 643 (26.6) | 0.02 |
| Non‐index GLP‐1RA | 372 (15.1) | 742 (14.8%) | 0.01 | 760 (31.5) | 760 (31.5) | 0.00 |
| Insulin | 923 (37.4) | 1871 (37.2%) | 0.00 | 1025 (42.4) | 1011 (41.9) | 0.01 |
| Othera | 296 (12.0) | 575 (11.5) | 0.02 | 304 (12.6) | 294 (12.2) | 0.00 |
| Endocrinologist visit during pre‐index period, n (%) | 622 (25.2) | 1234 (24.6) | 0.01 | 908 (37.6) | 893 (37.0) | 0.01 |
Abbreviation: DPP‐4, dipeptidyl peptidase‐4; s.d., standard deviation.
*P < .05.
Other antidiabetics include: α‐glucosidase inhibitors, amylin analogues, meglitinides, or thiazolidinediones.
Propensity scores were calculated using the baseline covariates age, gender, geographic location, and health plan type on the index date; Charlson comorbidity index, presence of cardiovascular disease, hyperlipidaemia, obesity, gastrointestinal diagnosis or medication; total copayment and coinsurance across all pharmacy claims observed during the baseline period; total copayment and coinsurance on index claim; number of prescription drug classes, use of non‐index GLP‐1 (exact match), insulin, SGLT2, and DPP‐4 inhibitor during the baseline period; presence of HbA1c test claim pre‐index; presence and number of endocrinologist visits pre‐index; and number of inpatient admissions and office visits pre‐index.