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Pathophysiologic pathways of RAAS interaction between heart failure and renal dysfunction. CHF – congestive heart failure, CKD – chronic kidney disease, RAAS – renin angiotensin aldosterone system, ACEI – angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors, ARB – angiotensin receptor blocker, PAI-1 – plasminogen activator inhibitor-1, CVP – central venous pressure.
