Table 1.
Participant characteristics.
| T2DM | Non-DM | P value | |
|---|---|---|---|
| n | 15 | 20 | |
| Sex (male/female) | 9/6 | 12/8 | |
| Age (years) | 56.1 ± 12.0 | 33.9 ± 9.5 | <0.001 |
| BMI (kg/m2) | 27.46 ± 4.1 | 21.8 ± 2.9 | <0.001 |
| Waist circumference (cm) | 95.7 ± 12.3 | 77.2 ± 9.9 | <0.001 |
| Fasting plasma glucose (mmol/L) | 6.83 ± 0.75 | 4.80 ± 0.43 | <0.001 |
| HbA1c (%) | 7.33 ± 0.83 | 5.33 ± 0.27 | <0.001 |
| HbA1c (mmol/mol) | (56.6) | (35.0) | |
| Insulinogenic index (IGI) | 0.83 ± 1.07 | 1.44 ± 1.34 | 0.14 |
| IRI-AUC | 861.8 ± 429.2 | 616.3 ± 293.7 | 0.07 |
| HOMA-%B (%) | 73.7 ± 37.9 | 124.1 ± 68.8 | <0.05 |
| HOMA-IR | 3.94 ± 2.50 | 1.70 ± 1.13 | <0.001 |
| Insulin sensitivity index (ISI) | 4.11 ± 3.16 | 7.31 ± 3.32 | <0.001 |
| GDR | 5.44 ± 2.34 | 9.52 ± 2.61 | <0.001 |
Data are mean ± standard deviation. GDR: glucose disposal rate; HOMA-%B: homeostasis model assessment of beta cell function; HOMA-IR: homeostasis model assessment for insulin resistance; IRI-AUC: immunoreactive insulin area under the curve; Non-DM: nondiabetic study participants; T2DM: study participants with type 2 diabetes mellitus.