Table 4.
Patients’ characteristics and baseline parameters with and without cultivated Enterococcus spp.
| Characteristics | Patient with Enterococcus isolates (n = 37) | Patient without Enterococcus isolates (n = 41)a | P |
|---|---|---|---|
| Age, y | 65 (56–72) | 55 (50–70) | 0.168 |
| Duration of hospitalization, days | 23 (14–37) | 18 (9–30) | 0.123 |
| Biliary cause of PLA, n (%) | 28 (75.7) | 21 (35.0) | 0.035 |
| Malignancy, n (%) | 16 (43.2) | 14 (35.0) | 0.491 |
| Liver cirrhosis, n (%) | 7 (18.9) | 6 (15.0) | 0.764 |
| Diabetes mellitus, n (%) | 11 (29.7) | 9 (22.5) | 0.604 |
| Cholangitis, n (%) | 20 (54.1) | 17 (42.5) | 0.365 |
| Intake of immunosuppressants, n (%) | 7 (18.9) | 7 (17.5) | 1.000 |
| Intake of proton-pump inhibitors, n (%) | 32 (86.5) | 26 (65.0) | 0.036 |
| Previous known MDRO, n (%) | 11 (29.7) | 4 (10.0) | 0.043 |
| Previous admission <3 month, n (%) | 35 (94.6) | 30 (75.0) | 0.026 |
| Previous ICU admission <3 month, n (%) | 11 (29.7) | 6 (15.0) | 0.170 |
| Previous surgical/endoscopic Intervention | |||
| Previous endoscopic Intervention, n (%) | 29 (78.4) | 22 (55.0) | 0.053 |
| Previous ERCP/PTCD, n (%) | 29 (78.4) | 17 (42.5) | 0.002 |
| ERCP/PTCD <3 month, n (%) | 27 (73.0) | 16 (40.0) | 0.006 |
| Laid-in biliary stent, n (%) | 23 (62.2) | 13 (32.5) | 0.012 |
| History of abdominal surgery, n (%) | 28 (75.7) | 17 (42.5) | 0.005 |
| Abdominal surgery <6 month, n (%) | 16 (43.2) | 12 (30.0) | 0.246 |
| Laboratory results | |||
| C-reactive protein (mg/dl) | 11.2 (6.2–14.7) | 11.1 (8.9–18.0) | 0.266 |
| White blood count (/nl) | 10.3 (7.0–17.9) | 12.6 (9.2–16.2) | 0.580 |
| International normalized ratio | 1.3 (1.1–1.5) | 1.3 (1.2–1.4) | 0.899 |
| Creatinine (mg/dl) | 0.81 (0.62–1.23) | 0.79 (0.57–0.93) | 0.303 |
| Albumin (g/dl) | 2.7 (2.1–3.2) | 2.8 (2.4–3.0) | 0.647 |
| Aspartate aminotransferase (U/l) | 68 (28–136) | 44 (26–96) | 0.365 |
| Alanine aminotransferase (U/l) | 40 (20–75) | 37 (19–74) | 0.947 |
| γ-Glutamyltransferase (U/l) | 202 (136–403) | 203 (92–534) | 0.828 |
| Alkaline phosphatase (UI/l) | 239 (143–401) | 221 (138–432) | 0.859 |
| Bilirubin (mg/dl) | 1.0 (0.6–5.2) | 1.0 (0.6–3.6) | 0.719 |
Data are presented as media (IQR) unless otherwise indicated
Abbreviations: ERCP endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography, PTCD percutaneous transhepatic cholangiography and drainage
aPatients without bacterial isolates were excluded