Table 6.
Patients’ characteristics and baseline parameters with and without cultivated multidrug-resistant organisms
| Characteristics | Patient with MDRO isolates (n = 21) | Patient without MDRO isolates (n = 52)a | P |
|---|---|---|---|
| Age, y | 61 (52–71) | 63 (52–73) | 0.812 |
| Duration of hospitalization, days | 20 (13–37) | 19 (10–32) | 0.425 |
| Biliary cause of PLA, n (%) | 16 (76.2) | 32 (61.5) | 0.284 |
| Malignancy, n (%) | 7 (33.3) | 22 (42.3) | 0.600 |
| Liver cirrhosis, n (%) | 4 (19.0) | 8 (15.4) | 0.734 |
| Diabetes mellitus, n (%) | 4 (19.0) | 16 (30.8) | 0.392 |
| Cholangitis, n (%) | 14 (66.7) | 22 (42.3) | 0.074 |
| Intake of immunosuppressants, n (%) | 6 (28.6) | 14 (26.9) | 1.000 |
| Intake of proton-pump inhibitors, n (%) | 17 (81.0) | 39 (75.0) | 0.762 |
| Previous known MDRO, n (%) | 12 (57.1) | 3 (5.8) | <0.0001 |
| Previous admission <3 month, n (%) | 20 (95.2) | 44 (84.6) | 0.432 |
| Previous ICU admission <3 month, n (%) | 7 (33.3) | 10 (19.2) | 0.229 |
| Previous surgical/endoscopic Intervention | |||
| Previous endoscopic Intervention, n (%) | 17 (81.0) | 33 (63.5) | 0.174 |
| Previous ERCP/PTCD, n (%) | 17 (81.0) | 28 (53.8) | 0.036 |
| ERCP/PTCD <3 month, n (%) | 17 (81.0) | 25 (48.1) | 0.017 |
| Laid-in biliary stent, n (%) | 14 (66.7) | 22 (42.3) | 0.074 |
| History of abdominal surgery, n (%) | 15 (71.4) | 29 (55.8) | 0.293 |
| Abdominal surgery <6 month, n (%) | 9 (42.9) | 18 (34.6) | 0.023 |
| Prior antibiotic therapyb | |||
| Any antibiotic therapy, n (%) | 15 (78.9) | 26 (55.3) | 0.096 |
| Glycopeptide based, n (%) | 7 (36.8) | 4 (8,5) | 0.010 |
| Carbapenem based, n (%) | 10 (52.6) | 12 (25.5) | 0.046 |
| Piperacillin/Tazobactam, n (%) | 4 (21.1) | 4 (8.5) | 0.213 |
| Laboratory results | |||
| C-reactive protein (mg/dl) | 9.78 (6.9–15.2) | 11.28 (8.6–20.8) | 0.453 |
| White blood count (/nl) | 10.4 (7.5–15.6) | 11.6 (7.7–16.4) | 0.943 |
| International normalized ratio | 1.2 (1.1–1.4) | 1.3 (1.2–1.4) | 0.165 |
| Creatinine (mg/dl) | 0.91 (0.62–1.20) | 0.79 (0.58–0.95) | 0.352 |
| Albumin (g/dl) | 2.6 (2.2–2.9) | 2.8 (2.2–3.1) | 0.500 |
| Aspartate aminotransferase (U/l) | 69 (35–106) | 42 (24–113) | 0.328 |
| Alanine aminotransferase (U/l) | 40 (25–64) | 34 (18–84) | 0.933 |
| γ-Glutamyltransferase (U/l) | 281 (136–441) | 199 (93–458) | 0.371 |
| Alkaline phosphatase (UI/l) | 282 (196–401) | 226 (133–425) | 0.247 |
| Bilirubin (mg/dl) | 1.0 (0.5–4.9) | 1.0 (0.6–3.4) | 0.981 |
Data are presented as media (IQR) unless otherwise indicated
Abbreviations: ERCP endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography, PTCD percutaneous transhepatic cholangiography and drainage
aPatients without resistance profile of bacterial isolates or without bacterial isolates were excluded
bDefined as ≥72 h antibiotic therapy before given cultures were attempted, overall n = 66