Table 2.
Demographic characteristics stratified by FFAs quartiles (mmol/L)
| Variables | Quartile 1 (≤0.30) (n = 403) |
Quartile 2 (0.31–0.40) (n = 364) |
Quartile 3 (0.41–0.53) (n = 391) |
Quartile 4 (>0.53) (n = 348) |
P Value |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Baseline characteristics | |||||
| Age (years) | 58.65 ± 9.70 | 58.14 ± 10.15 | 58.50 ± 10.31 | 59.90 ± 10.16 | 0.15 |
| Male (n,%) | 292(72.5%) | 283(77.7%) | 295(75.4%) | 229(65.8%) | 0.002 |
| Family history of CAD (n,%) | 49(12.2%) | 45(12.4%) | 62(16.0%) | 48(13.8%) | 0.41 |
| Hypertension (n,%) | 226(56.5%) | 228(63.7%) | 269(69.0%) | 248(71.3%) | <0.001 |
| Dyslipidemia (n,%) | 293(73.3%) | 267(74.8%) | 315(80.6%) | 290(83.3%) | 0.001 |
| Diabetes (n,%) | 72(18%) | 77(21.6%) | 127(32.5%) | 115(33%) | <0.001 |
| Current smoking (n,%) | 220(55%) | 193(53.6%) | 208(53.3%) | 165(47.6%) | 0.22 |
| BMI (kg/m2) | 25.00 ± 3.24 | 25.54 ± 2.96 | 25.76 ± 3.19 | 26.02 ± 3.13 | <0.001 |
| Lipid-lowering treatment (n,%) | 170(42.2%) | 154(42.3%) | 167(42.7%) | 139(39.9%) | 0.88 |
| Aspirin treatment (n,%) | 402(99.8%) | 354(97.3%) | 385(98.5%) | 339(97.4%) | 0.03 |
| Laboratory parameters | |||||
| TG (mmol/L) | 1.48 ± 0.60 | 1.75 ± 1.00 | 1.84 ± 1.02 | 1.91 ± 1.23 | <0.001 |
| TC (mmol/L) | 4.03 ± 1.00 | 4.03 ± 0.94 | 4.17 ± 1.06 | 4.36 ± 1.47 | 0.002 |
| LDL-C (mmol/L) | 2.43 ± 0.88 | 2.36 ± 0.80 | 2.47 ± 0.90 | 2.55 ± 0.96 | 0.07 |
| HDL-C (mmol/L) | 1.08 ± 0.26 | 1.05 ± 0.23 | 1.07 ± 0.26 | 1.12 ± 0.28 | 0.02 |
| FFAs (mmol/L) | 0.23 ± 0.06 | 0.35 ± 0.03 | 0.46 ± 0.04 | 0.69 ± 0.17 | <0.001 |
| HbA1c (%) | 6.17 ± 0.89 | 6.19 ± 1.03 | 6.55 ± 1.20 | 6.77 ± 1.32 | <0.001 |
| FPG (mmol/L) | 5.22 ± 1.13 | 5.33 ± 1.31 | 5.75 ± 1.62 | 6.21 ± 2.06 | <0.001 |
| LVEF(%) | 62.53 ± 8.94 | 62.59 ± 8.83 | 62.79 ± 8.12 | 62.18 ± 8.57 | 0.82 |
| NT-pro-BNP (fmol/ml) | 712.62 ± 463.92 | 691.97 ± 409.19 | 709.71 ± 516.94 | 805.07 ± 703.82 | 0.07 |
| Creatine (umol/L) | 74.17 ± 14.65 | 75.42 ± 14.07 | 75.04 ± 14.73 | 74.49 ± 17.35 | 0.30 |
| hs-CRP (mg/L) | 2.31(0.01–15.15) | 2.61(0.01–16.51) | 3.42(0.01–17.17) | 3.22(0.01–17.69) | <0.001 |
| cTnI (ng/ml) | 0.08(0.001–6.03) | 0.06(0.001–6.01) | 0.09(0.001–7.37) | 0.07(0.001–4.46) | 0.57 |
| Cardiovascular events (n,%) | 28(6.9%) | 31(8.5%) | 38(9.7%) | 49(14.1%) | 0.008 |
Values are expressed as mean ± SD, median with range, or n (%). SD: Standard deviation
CAD coronary artery disease, BMI body mass index, TC total cholesterol, TG triglyceride, LDL-C low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, HDL-C high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, HbA1c hemoglobin A1c, FPG fasting plasma glucose, LVEF left ventricular ejection fraction, NT-pro-BNP N-terminal–pro-brain natriuretic peptide, hs-CRP high sensitivity C-reactive protein, cTnI cardiac troponin I