TABLE 2.
Effectors of filamentous plant pathogens that have had their structures determined
| Protein | Origin | Targeted processc | Immune receptor(s) | Fold | Comparison to known structure |
PDB accession no. | Reference | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| RMSD (Å) (no. of residues in overlay)a | Sequence identity (%) | |||||||
| Avr3a11 | P. capsici | Unknown | WY | ND | ND | 3ZR8 | 74 | |
| Avr3a4 | P. capsici | Unknown | WY | 1.26 (42) | 79.0 | 2LC2 | 77 | |
| PexRD2 | P. infestans | MAPKKKε-mediated immune signaling | WY | 1.41 (40) | 27.8 | 3ZRG | 74 | |
| PexRD54 | P. infestans | Autophagy | WY | 1.73 (41) | 20.0 | 5L7S | 78 | |
| ATR1 | H. arabidopsidis | Unknown | RPP1 | WY | 2.37 (36) | 23.7 | 3RMR | 76 |
| AvrL567-D | M. lini | Unknown | L6 | ToxA-like | 2.74 (82) | 22.2 | 2QVT | 105 |
| AvrL567-A | M. lini | Unknown | L5 and L6 | ToxA-like | 2.58 (81) | 19.7 | 2OPC | 105 |
| avrM | M. lini | Unknown | WY-like | ND | 26.1 | 4BJM | 106 | |
| AvrM-A | M. lini | Unknown | M | WY-like | ND | 23.9 | 4BJN | 106 |
| AVR-PikD (in complex) | M. oryzae | Unknown | Pik1/Pik2 | MAX | ND | ND | 5A6W | 82 |
| Avr1-CO39 | M. oryzae | Unknown | RGA5/RGA4 | MAX | 1.36 (55) | 17.2 | 2MYV | 80 |
| AVR-Pia | M. oryzae | Unknown | RGA5/RGA4 | MAX | 2.24 (52) | 16.4 | 2MYW | 80 |
| AVR-Pizt | M. oryzae | E3 ligase-mediated immunity | Piz-t | MAX | 2.33 (58) | 15.6 | 2LW6 | 84 |
| Avr4 | P. fuligena | Chitin-mediated immunity/fungally derived chitin perception | Cf-4 | CBM14-like | 1.98 (52) | 22.2 | 4Z4A | 61 |
| Ecp6 | C. fulvum | Chitin-mediated immunity/fungally derived chitin perception | LysM1 | 0.8 (45) | 35.9 | 4B8V | 54 | |
| Ecp6 | C. fulvum | LysM2 | 1.17 (43) | 37.1 | 4B8V | 54 | ||
| Ecp6 | C. fulvum | LysM3 | 1.51 (45) | 20.8 | 4B8V | 54 | ||
| AvrLm4-7 | L. maculans | Production of plant hormones and hydrogen peroxide/plant hormone-mediated immunity | Rlm4 and Rlm7 | Unique | ND | ND | 4FPR | 110 |
| ToxA | P. tritici-repentis | Photosynthesis | Tsn1b | ToxA-like | ND | ND | 1ZLE | 103 |
| ToxB | P. tritici-repentis | Photosynthesis | MAX | 2.25 (58) | 25.4 | 2MM0 | 81 | |
| toxb | P. tritici-repentis | Inactive allele | MAX | 2.33 (57) | 19.7 | 2MM2 | 81 | |
| NLP | P. aphanidermatum | Plasma membrane integrity | Actinoporin-like | 2.34 (68) | 21.9 | 3GNZ | 64 | |
| NLP | M. perniciosa | Plasma membrane integrity | Actinoporin-like | 2.24 (68) | 19.3 | 3ST1 | 70 | |
a
Template proteins used for comparison are Avr3a11 (WY and WY-like), AVR-PikD (MAX), tachycitin (CBM14-like), MoCVNH3 (LysM), ToxA (ToxA-like), and sticholysin II (actinoporin-like). RMSD, root mean square deviation; ND, not determined (either to avoid comparison with self or because the comparison is not meaningful).
b
Tsn1 is a susceptibility factor.
c
MAPKKKε, mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase kinase ε.