Figure 10.

Interactive redox probing of clozapine. (a) Clozapine undergoes oxidative redox-cycling with the catechol-chitosan redox capacitor and this can be balanced by the reductive redox-cycling of an added mediator (Ru³⁺).^[206,207] Redox-cycling interactions (b) are thermodynamically constrained, (c) amplify output currents, and (d) couple output responses. (e) Input-output representation illustrates that irreversibilities in clozapine’s oxidation can be detected in the attenuation of Ru³⁺ reduction currents. (f) Complex inputs can be imposed to generate complex, but interpretable outputs: an initial reductive input potential range that precludes clozapine oxidation also suppresses Ru³⁺ reductive redox-cycling, while the expanded input potential range that allows clozapine oxidation also allows Ru³⁺ reductive redox-cycling.