Table 1.
Patient characteristics in a retrospective cohort of 126 hospitalized patients with laboratory‐confirmed influenza diagnosis during influenza seasons 2013/2014 and 2014/2015
| Characteristic | Early influenza diagnosis (n=53) | Late influenza diagnosis (n=73) | P‐value |
|---|---|---|---|
| Age, years, median (range) | 58 (21‐ 93) | 61 (16‐92) | .33 |
| Male sex, n (%) | 28 (52.8) | 38 (52.1) | 1.00 |
| Symptoms upon influenza diagnosis | |||
| Fever, n (%) | 37 (69.8) | 45 (61.6) | .45 |
| Cough, n (%) | 37 (69.8) | 57 (78.1) | .31 |
| Dyspnea, n (%) | 20 (37.7) | 24 (32.9) | .58 |
| Rhinitis, n (%) | 12 (22.6) | 10 (13.7) | .24 |
| Laryngitis, n (%) | 9 (17.0) | 19 (26.0) | .28 |
| Headache, n (%) | 9 (17.0) | 17 (23.3) | .51 |
| Generalized weakness, n (%) | 8 (15.1) | 3 (4.1) | .05 |
| Shivering, n (%) | 7 (13.2) | 13 (17.8) | .62 |
| Myalgia or arthralgia, n (%) | 7 (13.2) | 8 (11.0) | .78 |
| Vomiting or nausea, n (%) | 5 (9.4) | 7 (9.6) | 1.00 |
| Fatigue, n (%) | 4 (7.6) | 5 (6.8) | 1.00 |
| Chest pain, n (%) | 3 (5.7) | 2 (2.7) | .65 |
| Flank pain, n (%) | 1 (1.9) | 2 (2.7) | 1.00 |
| Back pain, n (%) | 1 (1.9) | 2 (2.7) | 1.00 |
| Diarrhea, n (%) | 1 (1.9) | 8 (11.0) | .08 |
| Temperature | |||
| Admission or first symptom, °C, median (range) | 38.6 (38‐40) | 38.6 (38‐40.4) | .62 |
| Maximum, °C, median (range) | 39.1 (38‐40.1) | 38.8 (38‐40.9) | .82 |
| Blood pressure on admission or first symptom | |||
| Systolic, mm Hg, median (range) | 131 (53‐220) | 120 (68‐168) | .17 |
| Diastolic, mm Hg, median (range) | 77 (40‐103) | 67 (35‐120) | .045 |
| Total leukocyte count | |||
| Admission or first symptom, G/L, median (range) | 7.52 (0.6‐ 24.69) | 5.92 (0.3‐32.54) | .008 |
| Maximum, G/L, median (range) | 9.85 (0.98‐28.18) | 8.92 (1.13‐68.44) | .36 |
| Total lymphocyte count | |||
| Admission or first symptom, G/L, median (range) | 0.62 (0.03‐ 4.83) | 0.62 (0.02‐2.65) | .78 |
| Maximum, median G/L (range) | 1.65 (0.27‐4.96) | 1.64 (0.25‐ 11.84) | .71 |
| Neutrophil count | |||
| Admission or first symptom, G/L, median (range) | 5.67 (0.01‐18.83) | 4.25 (0.01‐30.22) | .006 |
| Maximum, G/L, median (range) | 7.39 (0.33‐24.03) | 6.94 (0.18‐62.11) | .42 |
| C‐reactive protein (mg/L) | |||
| Admission or first symptom, mg/L, median (range) | 55 (3.8‐440) | 59.5 (0.3‐536) | .98 |
| Maximum, mg/L, median (range) | 98 (12‐ 440) | 138 (4.1‐536) | .42 |
| Charlson comorbidity index on admission or first symptom, median (range) | 4 (0‐12) | 5 (0‐12) | .08 |
| Pneumonia severity index on admission or first symptom, median (range) | 89 (24‐222) | 88 (9‐197) | .43 |
| CURB‐65 Score on admission or first symptom, median (range) | 1 (0‐5) | 1 (0‐ 4) | .38 |
| Admission diagnosis | .00 | ||
| Pneumonia, n (%) | 12 (22.6) | 7 (9.5) | <.001 |
| Influenza, n (%) | 4 (7.6) | 1 (1.4) | |
| Flu‐like illness, n (%) | 10 (18.9) | 2 (2.7) | |
| Asthma exacerbation, n (%) | 0 (0) | 1 (1.4) | |
| COPD exacerbation, n (%) | 4 (7.6) | 3 (4.1) | |
| Exacerbation of cystic fibrosis, n (%) | 2 (3.8) | 0 (0) | |
| Sepsis/SIRS, n (%) | 6 (11.3) | 18 (24.7) | |
| Bronchitis, n (%) | 1 (1.9) | 0 (0) | |
| Other, n (%) | 14 (26.4) | 41 (56.2) | |
| Community‐acquired infection, n (%) | 46 (86.8) | 51 (69.9) | .032 |
COPD, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.