Table 2.
Baseline demographics and clinical characteristics in subsets of patients
| Characteristics | Patients with PFT information available
|
Patients with comorbid asthma
|
Patients without comorbid asthma
|
||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Patients initiating on LAMA (N=371) |
Patients initiating on ICS/LABA (N=679) |
P-value | Patients initiating on LAMA (N=324) |
Patients initiating on ICS/LABA (N=775) |
P-value | Patients initiating on LAMA (N=1,139) |
Patients initiating on ICS/LABA (N=1,484) |
P-value | |
| Demographics | |||||||||
| Age, years, mean (SD) | 72.5 (9.3) | 71.0 (10.7) | 0.021 | 69.1 (11.6) | 67.9 (12.4) | 0.133 | 71.2 (10.8) | 71.9 (11.2) | 0.116 |
| Gender, female, n (%) | 178 (48.0) | 372 (54.8) | 0.035 | 191 (59.0) | 490 (63.2) | 0.183 | 590 (51.8) | 751 (50.6) | 0.545 |
| Smoking status,a n (%) | |||||||||
| Current smoker | 73 (19.7) | 143 (21.1) | 0.596 | 23 (7.1) | 71 (9.2) | 0.265 | 114 (10.0) | 211 (14.2) | 0.001 |
| Former smoker | 202 (54.4) | 345 (50.8) | 0.259 | 68 (21.0) | 177 (22.8) | 0.501 | 234 (20.5) | 412 (27.8) | <0.001 |
| Never smoked | 28 (7.5) | 81 (11.9) | 0.026 | 17 (5.2) | 80 (10.3) | 0.007 | 27 (2.4) | 52 (3.5) | 0.092 |
| Unknown | 68 (18.3) | 110 (16.2) | 0.380 | 216 (66.7) | 447 (57.7) | 0.006 | 764 (67.1) | 809 (54.5) | <0.001 |
| COPD obstruction severity,b n (%) | |||||||||
| Unconfirmed COPD | 45 (12.1) | 99 (14.6) | 0.270 | 9 (2.8) | 43 (5.5) | 0.049 | 36 (3.2) | 56 (3.8) | 0.398 |
| Restricted lung function | 57 (15.4) | 133 (19.6) | 0.089 | 12 (3.7) | 55 (7.1) | 0.032 | 45 (4.0) | 78 (5.3) | 0.117 |
| Confirmed COPD | 269 (72.5) | 447 (65.8) | 0.026 | 64 (19.8) | 138 (17.8) | 0.447 | 205 (18.0) | 309 (20.8) | 0.071 |
| Mild | 33 (8.9) | 49 (7.2) | 0.333 | 5 (1.5) | 18 (2.3) | 0.411 | 28 (2.5) | 31 (2.1) | 0.527 |
| Moderate | 138 (37.2) | 243 (35.8) | 0.650 | 39 (12.0) | 79 (10.2) | 0.368 | 99 (8.7) | 164 (11.1) | 0.046 |
| Severe | 77 (20.8) | 141 (20.8) | 0.997 | 14 (4.3) | 37 (4.8) | 0.745 | 63 (5.5) | 104 (7.0) | 0.125 |
| Very severe | 21 (5.7) | 14 (2.1) | 0.002 | 6 (1.9) | 4 (0.5) | 0.034 | 15 (1.3) | 10 (0.7) | 0.093 |
| Charlson comorbidities,a mean (SD) | 3.01 (2.02) | 2.98 (2.05) | 0.804 | 2.87 (1.78) | 2.85 (1.94) | 0.841 | 2.71 (1.80) | 2.86 (1.91) | 0.046 |
| Respiratory-related comorbidities,a n (%) | |||||||||
| Asthma | 85 (22.9) | 236 (34.8) | <0.001 | 324 (100.0) | 775 (100.0) | – | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) | – |
| Lung cancer | 17 (4.6) | 35 (5.2) | 0.683 | 11 (3.4) | 21 (2.7) | 0.538 | 53 (4.7) | 58 (3.9) | 0.348 |
| Bronchitis (not specified as chronic) | 70 (18.9) | 157 (23.1) | 0.109 | 99 (30.6) | 304 (39.2) | 0.007 | 244 (21.4) | 378 (25.5) | 0.016 |
| Cough | 160 (43.1) | 349 (51.4) | 0.010 | 146 (45.1) | 431 (55.6) | 0.001 | 402 (35.3) | 635 (42.8) | <0.001 |
| Dyspnea | 302 (81.4) | 565 (83.2) | 0.460 | 232 (71.6) | 586 (75.6) | 0.165 | 684 (60.1) | 1,016 (68.5) | <0.001 |
| Number of respiratory-related comorbidities, a n (%) | |||||||||
| 0 | 30 (8.1) | 53 (7.8) | 0.872 | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) | – | 219 (19.2) | 218 (14.7) | 0.002 |
| 1 | 72 (19.4) | 121 (17.8) | 0.526 | 39 (12.0) | 72 (9.3) | 0.168 | 301 (26.4) | 357 (24.1) | 0.165 |
| ≥2 | 269 (72.5) | 505 (74.4) | 0.511 | 285 (88.0) | 703 (90.7) | 0.168 | 619 (54.3) | 909 (61.3) | <0.001 |
| Baseline medication,a n (%) | |||||||||
| ICS | 58 (15.6) | 163 (24.0) | 0.002 | 98 (30.2) | 281 (36.3) | 0.056 | 127 (11.2) | 206 (13.9) | 0.037 |
| SAMA | 25 (6.7) | 33 (4.9) | 0.203 | 30 (9.3) | 78 (10.1) | 0.683 | 75 (6.6) | 105 (7.1) | 0.622 |
| SABA/SAMA | 77 (20.8) | 174 (25.6) | 0.077 | 66 (20.4) | 173 (22.3) | 0.474 | 177 (15.5) | 308 (20.8) | <0.001 |
| SABA | 164 (44.2) | 352 (51.8) | 0.018 | 207 (63.9) | 539 (69.5) | 0.067 | 446 (39.2) | 641 (43.2) | 0.038 |
| Oxygen use | 186 (50.1) | 304 (44.8) | 0.096 | 185 (57.1) | 404 (52.1) | 0.132 | 535 (47.0) | 642 (43.3) | 0.058 |
Notes:
a
Evaluated during the 12-month baseline period;
b
the closest pulmonary function test to the index date was used to assess COPD obstruction severity.
Abbreviations: COPD, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease; ICS, inhaled corticosteroid; LABA, long-acting β2-agonist; LAMA, long-acting muscarinic antagonist; PFT, pulmonary-function testing; SABA, short-acting β-agonist; SAMA, short-acting muscarinic antagonist; SD, standard deviation.