Effect of phospholipid DOPA on the properties of Zol-Ca complexes synthesized in RM with different component ratios. (A-B) Representative TEM micrographs of Zol-Ca complexes synthesized in H2O/NP-5/Cyclohexane RM1 systems with 0.45 mM DOPA. (A) The RM has a fixed VNP-5/Vcyclohexane ratio of 30/70, but different VH2O/VNP-5 ratios, ranging from 1/13.3 to 1/1.5; DOPA was added into the RM before the initiation of reaction. (B) The RM has a fixed VNP-5/Vcyclohexane ratio of 30/70, but different VH2O/VNP-5 ratios of 1/13.3 (B-1) or 1/1.5 (B-2); DOPA was added into RM 4 h after the initiation of reaction. (C) Representative TEM micrographs of Zol-Ca complexes synthesized in the RM2 system that contains co-surfactants (OEP-10 and hexanol, 2/1, v/v), with VH2O/Vtotal surfactants and Vtotal surfactants/Vcyclohexane ratios fixing at 1/13.1 and 30/70, respectively; the VNP-5/VOEP-10 + Hexanol ratio was changed from 75/25 to 0/100 (bars = 100 nm).