Table 1.

The clinical presentations of cholesterol crystal embolization.

Organ	Clinical Presentations
Kidney	Acute or subacute kidney injury
	Renal infarction
	Chronic kidney disease
	Renal allograft failure
	Severe hard-to-control hypertension
	Extra-renal organs
Skin	Livedo reticularis
	Blue toe syndrome
	Ulceration and gangrene
	Purpura
	Small nail bed infarcts
	Leg, foot, or toe pain
Gastrointestinal System	Abdominal, flank, or back pain
	Gastrointestinal bleeding
	Diarrhea
	Bowel ischemia, infarction, and obstruction
	Pancreatitis, cholecystitis, and abnormal liver tests
	Splenic infarcts
Eyes	Amaurosis fugax
	Sudden blindness
	Retinal plaques (Hollenhorst plaques)
Central Nervous System	Headache
	Amaurosis fugax
	Stroke
	Transient ischaemic attacks
	Altered mental status
	Paraparesis
	Mononeuropathy
	Cerebral infarction
	Spinal cord infarction
Muscle	Muscle pain
	Arthralgias
	Rhabdomyolysis
	Systemic signs
	Fever
	Anorexia
	Fatigue
	Weight loss
	Malaise
	Myalgia