| DNA | Deoxyribonucleic acid |
| S phase | Synthesis phase |
| ssDNA | Single stranded DNA |
| DSB | Double strand breaks |
| RPA | Replication protein A |
| ATR | Ataxia telangiectasia and Rad3-related protein |
| ROS | Reactive oxygen species |
| dNTP | Deoxynucleotide triphosphate |
| RNA | Ribonucleic acid |
| RNase H | Ribonuclease H |
| DDR | DNA damage response |
| Chk1 | Checkpoint kinase 1 |
| MRN | Mre11-Rad50-Nbs1 |
| Chk2 | Checkpoint kinase 2 |
| H2AX | H2A histone family member X |
| DDT | DNA damage tolerance |
| LOH | Loss of heterozygosity |
| CFS | Common fragile site |
| ERFS | Early replication fragile site |
| CNV | Copy number variations |
| PARP1 | Poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase 1 |
| GOF p53 | Gain of function p53 |
| CTR | Constant timing regions |
| TTR | Timing transition regions |
| MEF | Mouse embryonic fibroblasts |
| BrdU | Bromodeoxyuridine |
| SNP | Single nucleotide polymorphism |
| NHEJ | Non-homologous end-joining |
| RUNX1 | Runt-related transcription factor 1 |
| p53 | Tumor protein P53 |
| RB1 | Retinoblastoma 1 |
| Bcl2 | B-cell lymphoma 2 |
| Rif1 | Replication timing regulatory factor 1 |
| MCM | Minichromosome maintenance |
| ALL | Acute lymphoblastic leukemia |