Figure 10.

Image of the rapid freezing device for polymeric nanofiber production. (a) Liquid nitrogen supply (b) Steel drum rotating at ∼300 rpm; (c) Needles delivering lignin solution to the drum; (d) Ribbons of frozen solution containing the templated nanoscale lignin matrix; (e) Blade to ensure release of the frozen ribbons; (f) Spring tension-loaded wiper blade regulating the thickness of the liquid nitrogen layer present on the drum surface. Reprinted with permission from Spender et al. [97]. Copyright 2012 American Chemical Society.