Table 5.
Antibacterial and antifungal activities of cumin.
| Type of Study | Bacteria and Fungi | Main Results | Reference |
|---|---|---|---|
| Cumin EO | E. coli, S. aureus, S. faecalis, P. aeruginosa, K. pneumoniae | E. coli, S. aureus, and S. faecalis were sensitive to various cumin EO dilutions. | [81] |
| Cumin seeds EO | 1230 fungal isolates obtained from food samples | The EO was fungicidal against most of the fungal species at MIC of 0.6 μL/mL. | [82] |
| Cumin seeds EOs | E. coli, S. aureus, P. aeruginosa, A. niger, A. parasiticus, C. albicans | Both microwave and conventionally (oven) roasted cumin oils showed higher effects than raw oils. | [83] |
| Cumin EO | E. coli, P. aeruginosa, B. cereus, S. aureus | ã-Irradiation to cumin seeds at 10 and 25 kGy had no significant effects on the antibacterial effects. | [80] |
| Aqueous infusions and aqueous decoctions from kalonji, cumin and poppy seed | 188 bacterial isolates isolated from oral cavity of apparently healthy individuals | Aqueous decoction of cumin inhibited 73% of the tested bacteria. | [84] |
| Cumin and C. carvi EOs | E. coli, the genera Pseudomonas, Clavibacter, Curtobacterium, Rhodococcus, Erwinia, Xanthomonas, Ralstonia, Agrobacterium | Cumin EO showed antibacterial activities against all tested bacteria except Pseudomonas viridiflava. | [85] |
| 9 spice EOs | S. typhimurium, B. cereus, S. aureus, E. faecalis, E. coli. Y. enterocolitica, S. cerevisiae, Candida rugosa, Rhizopus oryzae, A. niger | Cumin EO was effective against all bacterial species and two fungi (S. cerevisiae and Candida rugosa). | [86] |
| 4 spice EOs | S. aureus, Salmonella sp., E. coli, P. aeruginosa, etc. | Cumin EO was effective against E. coli, P. aeruginosa and Salmonella sp. | [87] |
| 6 spice EOs | L. curvatus, L. sakei, S. carnosus, S. xylosus, E. gergoviae, E. amnigenus | Cumin EO was the second effective among tested spices. | [43] |
| 5 spice EOs | M. luteus, B. megaterium, Brevibacillus brevis, E. faecalis, Pseudomonas pyocyaneus, M. smegmatis, E. coli, Aeromonas hydrophila, Y. enterocolitica, S. aureus, S. faecalis, S. cerevisiae, Kluvyeromyces fragilis | Cumin inhibited all tested bacteria and fungi and showed synergistic and antagonistic effect with antibiotics. | [88] |
| EOs of 9 spices in combination | B. cereus, L. monocytogenes, M. luteus, S. aureus, E. coli, S. typhimurium | Coriander/cumin seed oil combination showed synergistic interactions on antibacterial activities. | [89] |