Table 1.
Demographic, clinical, and cognitive characteristics of GS:SFHS and UK Biobank individuals in the current study.
| GS:SFHS |
UK Biobank |
|||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Total (n = 19,200) |
Control (n = 16,719) |
Lifetime MDD (n = 2481) |
Total (n = 90,529) |
Control (n = 60,402) |
Lifetime MDD (n = 30,127) |
|
| Age | 47.16 (14.97) | 47.23 (15.27) | 46.39 (12.89)* | 56.64 (8.13) | 57.15 (8.16) | 55.60 (7.98)* |
| Sex (% female) | 59 | 57 | 72* | 52 | 46 | 65* |
| Neuroticism | 3.84 (3.16) | 3.45 (2.94) | 6.45 (3.32)* | 3.46 (2.86) | 2.65 (2.43) | 5.09 (2.96)* |
| GHQ score | 15.93 (8.81) | 14.93 (7.56) | 22.70 (12.77)* | – | – | – |
| PHQ score | – | – | – | 1.36 (1.91) | 0.89 (1.33) | 2.30 (2.47)* |
| Wechsler Digit Symbol Substitution Task | 72.31 (17.09) | 72.45 (17.23) | 71.44 (16.06)* | – | – | – |
| Mill-Hill Vocabulary Test | 30.06 (4.76) | 30.05 (4.75) | 30.15 (4.84) | – | – | – |
| Weschler Logical Memory Test I & II | 31.01 (8.04) | 30.99 (8.09) | 31.02 (7.68)* | – | – | – |
| Verbal Fluency Test | 25.68 (8.10) | 25.60 (8.11) | 26.21 (8.05)* | – | – | – |
| Reaction time | – | – | – | 564.00 (119.87) | 564.70 (119.98) | 562.58 (119.66)* |
| Visual memory | – | – | – | 4.04 (3.21) | 4.04 (3.23) | 4.04 (3.17) |
| Verbal-numerical reasoning | – | – | – | 6.09 (2.14) | 6.07 (2.16) | 6.12 (2.11)* |
| SIMD | 3903.82 (1851.91) | 3957.58 (1832.28) | 3541.51 (1941.03)* | – | – | – |
| Townsend Score | – | – | – | −1.37 (2.84) | −1.47 (2.77) | −1.06 (2.94)* |
GS:SFHS: Generation Scotland: the Scottish Family Health Study; MDD: Major Depressive Disorder; GHQ: General Health Questionnaire; PHQ: Patient Health Questionnaire; SIMD: the Scottish Index of Multiple Deprivation. With the exception of sex, values represent Mean (SD).
*
Significantly different from controls at P < 0.05.