Table 4.
Rate ratios for blue space images and blue recreation events per hour observed (from zero-inflated negative binomial regression models), by child characteristics. Separate univariate models fitted for each characteristic and blue space exposure measure.
| Child Characteristics Total n = 157 | Blue Space Images Rate Ratio (95% CI) | Blue Recreation Events Rate Ratio (95% CI) | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Ethnicity | New Zealand European | 1 (Reference) | 1 (Reference) |
| Māori | 1.11 (0.38, 3.26) | 1.82 (0.59, 5.59) | |
| Pacific | 1.37 (0.29, 6.52) | 2.99 (0.85, 10.52) | |
| Sex | Male | 1 (Reference) | 1 (Reference) |
| Female | 1.12 (0.56, 2.27) | 2.01 (0.95, 4.21) | |
| BMI | Not overweight | 1 (Reference) | 1 (Reference) |
| Overweight/obese | 0.67 (0.23, 1.90) | 0.89 (0.22, 3.50) | |
| Household deprivation status | 1—Low | 1 (Reference) | 1 (Reference) |
| 2 | 1.11 (0.44, 2.83) | 1.67 (0.48, 5.81) | |
| 3 | 1.22 (0.75, 1.99) | 0.45 (0.05, 4.23) | |
| 4 | 1.46 (0.50, 4.28) | 1.05 (0.15, 7.18) | |
| 5—High | 2.19 (0.34, 14.07) | 2.58 (0.03, 193.96) | |
| Neighborhood deprivation status | 1—Low | 1 (Reference) | 1 (Reference) |
| 2 | 0.82 (0.27, 2.44) | 0.19 (0.01, 2.51) | |
| 3 | 2.66 (1.11, 6.39) | 1.10 (0.18, 6.69) | |
| 4 | 1.88 (0.74, 4.78) | 0.93 (0.20, 4.37) | |
| 5—High | 4.56 (1.64, 12.66) | 3.30 (0.97, 11.26) | |
| School deprivation status | 3—Low | 1 (Reference) | 1 (Reference) |
| 2 | 1.54 (0.59, 3.99) | 1.95 (0.72, 5.27) | |
| 1—High | 5.47 (1.81, 16.53) | 5.90 (1.73, 20.05) | |
| Distance to coast | Near | 1 (Reference) | 1 (Reference) |
| Far | 0.37 (0.09, 1.55) | 0.96 (0.45, 2.07) | |